Changing American-Soviet Relations

Spector, Leonard S.; Smith, Jacqueline R.

doi:10.4324/9780429045622-3

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“…One study reported that the chemical instability of LiNiO 2 during storage in air causes a slow and spontaneous reduction of Ni 3+ into Ni 2+ . This reaction accompanies the oxidation of lattice oxygen O 2– in the layered compound into O – following the weakening of the Ni–O bond. , The O – then self-reacts and forms active O 2– , which combines with CO 2 and H 2 O in the atmosphere, further fabricating CO 3 2– and OH – . The present study discusses these final side products CO 3 2– and OH – in the section on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Controlling Ni²⁺from the Surface to the Bulk by a New Cathode Electrolyte Interphase Formation on a Ni-Rich Layered Cathode in High-Safe and High-Energy-Density Lithium-Ion Batteries

Yeh

Wang

Khotimah

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Ni-rich high-energy-density lithium ion batteries pose great risks to safety due to internal short circuits and overcharging; they also have poor performance because of cation mixing and disordering problems. For Ni-rich layered cathodes, these factors cause gas evolution, the formation of side products, and life cycle decay. In this study, a new cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) for Ni2+ self-oxidation is developed. By using a branched oligomer electrode additive, the new CEI is formed and prevents the reduction of Ni3+ to Ni2+ on the surface of Ni-rich layered cathode; this maintains the layered structure and the cation mixing during cycling. In addition, this new CEI ensures the stability of Ni4+ that is formed at 100% state of charge in the crystal lattice at high temperature (660 K); this prevents the rock-salt formation and the over-reduction of Ni4+ to Ni2+. These findings are obtained using in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy, operando X-ray diffraction, operando gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that the new CEI has an elliptical shape on the material surface, which is approximately 100 nm in length and 50 nm in width, and covers selected particle surfaces. After the new CEI was formed on the surface, the Ni2+ self-oxidation gradually affects from the surface to the bulk of the material. It found that the bond energy and bond length of the Ni–O are stabilized, which dramatically inhibit gas evolution. The new CEI is successfully applied in a Ni-rich layered compound, and the 18650- and the punch-type full cells are fabricated. The energy density of the designed cells is up to 300 Wh/kg. Internal short circuit and overcharging safety tests are passed when using the standard regulations of commercial evaluation. This new CEI technology is ready and planned for future applications in electric vehicle and energy storage.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, high-energy-density products, such as the Samsung Note 7 and Tesla Model S, , have had cell explosions. In addition, many energy storage systems in South Korea and the United States had exploded in 2019, causing injuries. , These accidents remind us of the great danger posed by the use of Ni-rich cathodes in LIBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling Ni²⁺from the Surface to the Bulk by a New Cathode Electrolyte Interphase Formation on a Ni-Rich Layered Cathode in High-Safe and High-Energy-Density Lithium-Ion Batteries

Yeh

Wang

Khotimah

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Changing American-Soviet Relations

Cited by 1 publication

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Controlling Ni²⁺from the Surface to the Bulk by a New Cathode Electrolyte Interphase Formation on a Ni-Rich Layered Cathode in High-Safe and High-Energy-Density Lithium-Ion Batteries

Controlling Ni²⁺from the Surface to the Bulk by a New Cathode Electrolyte Interphase Formation on a Ni-Rich Layered Cathode in High-Safe and High-Energy-Density Lithium-Ion Batteries

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Changing American-Soviet Relations

Cited by 1 publication

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Controlling Ni2+from the Surface to the Bulk by a New Cathode Electrolyte Interphase Formation on a Ni-Rich Layered Cathode in High-Safe and High-Energy-Density Lithium-Ion Batteries

Controlling Ni2+from the Surface to the Bulk by a New Cathode Electrolyte Interphase Formation on a Ni-Rich Layered Cathode in High-Safe and High-Energy-Density Lithium-Ion Batteries

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Controlling Ni²⁺from the Surface to the Bulk by a New Cathode Electrolyte Interphase Formation on a Ni-Rich Layered Cathode in High-Safe and High-Energy-Density Lithium-Ion Batteries

Controlling Ni²⁺from the Surface to the Bulk by a New Cathode Electrolyte Interphase Formation on a Ni-Rich Layered Cathode in High-Safe and High-Energy-Density Lithium-Ion Batteries