Changing Carbon Isotope Ratio of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide: Implications For Food Authentication

Peck, William H.; Tubman, Stephanie

doi:10.1021/jf100104s

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…While δ 13 C values showed little temporal variation within a given site, the overall mean δ 13 C differed by almost 2‰ between the two sites. Similar differences have been reported elsewhere for maple sap sugar samples from different sites (Peck & Tubman, ) and are assumed to reflect differences in environmental conditions. A higher overall δ 13 C, as found here at S1, could for example, indicate drier conditions at S1 compared to S2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

How fresh is maple syrup? Sugar maple trees mobilize carbon stored several years previously during early springtime sap‐ascent

et al. 2015

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SummaryWhile trees store substantial amounts of nonstructural carbon (NSC) for later use, storage regulation and mobilization of stored NSC in long-lived organisms like trees are still not well understood.At two different sites with sugar maple (Acer saccharum), we investigated ascending sap (sugar concentration, d13 C, D 14 C) as the mobilized component of stored stem NSC during early springtime. Using the bomb-spike radiocarbon approach we were able to estimate the average time elapsed since the mobilized carbon (C) was originally fixed from the atmosphere and to infer the turnover time of stem storage. Sites differed in concentration dynamics and overall d 13 C, indicating different growing conditions. The absence of temporal trends for d 13 C and D 14 C indicated sugar mobilization from a well-mixed pool with average D 14 C consistent with a mean turnover time (TT) of three to five years for this pool, with only minor differences between the sites. Sugar maple trees hence appear well buffered against single or even several years of negative plant C balance from environmental stress such as drought or repeated defoliation by insects. Manipulative investigations (e.g. starvation via girdling) combined with D 14

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

How fresh is maple syrup? Sugar maple trees mobilize carbon stored several years previously during early springtime sap‐ascent

et al. 2015

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“…C3 plants have a range of −22 to −30 , C4 plants −10 to −14 , and CAM plants −10 to −35 (Cerling et al, 1997;Coplen et al, 2002;Larcher, 2003). The δ 13 C isotopic composition of atmospheric CO 2 is approximately −8 (Yun and Ro, 2008), but is gradually becoming more negative as atmospheric CO 2 concentration increases (Peck and Tubman, 2010). Therefore, the bulk plant δ 13 C value is a useful index of plant metabolism.…”

Section: Stable Isotopic Signatures Of Plants and Soilsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Principles and Limitations of Stable Isotopes in Differentiating Organic and Conventional Foodstuffs: 1. Plant Products

Inácio

Chalk

Magalhães

2013

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

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Among the lighter elements having two or more stable isotopes (H, C, N, O, S), δ(15)N appears to be the most promising isotopic marker to differentiate plant products from conventional and organic farms. Organic plant products vary within a range of δ(15)N values of +0.3 to +14.6%, while conventional plant products range from negative to positive values, i.e. -4.0 to +8.7%. The main factors affecting δ(15)N signatures of plants are N fertilizers, biological N2 fixation, plant organs and plant age. Correlations between mode of production and δ(13)C (except greenhouse tomatoes warmed with natural gas) or δ(34)S signatures have not been established, and δ(2)H and δ(18)O are unsuitable markers due to the overriding effect of climate on the isotopic composition of plant-available water. Because there is potential overlap between the δ(15)N signatures of organic and conventionally produced plant products, δ(15)N has seldom been used successfully as the sole criterion for differentiation, but when combined with complementary analytical techniques and appropriate statistical tools, the probability of a correct identification increases. The use of organic fertilizers by conventional farmers or the marketing of organic produce as conventional due to market pressures are additional factors confounding correct identification. The robustness of using δ(15)N to differentiate mode of production will depend on the establishment of databases that have been verified for individual plant products.

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“…The nitrogen cycle -and its impact on soils and plants -has been previously reviewed (Högberg 1997;Amundson et al 2003;Pardo and Nadelhoffer 2010), so we present only a summary here. Inputs to the ecosystem include atmospheric N deposition (soils) and N fixation (plants).…”

Section: Nitrogen Isotopes Trace the Flow Of Organic Matter Through Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light-Element Isotopes (H, C, N, and O) as Tracers of Human Diet: A Case Study on Fast Food Meals

Chesson

Ehleringer

Cerling

2011

Advances in Isotope Geochemistry

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Changing Carbon Isotope Ratio of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide: Implications For Food Authentication

Cited by 18 publications

References 26 publications

How fresh is maple syrup? Sugar maple trees mobilize carbon stored several years previously during early springtime sap‐ascent

How fresh is maple syrup? Sugar maple trees mobilize carbon stored several years previously during early springtime sap‐ascent

Principles and Limitations of Stable Isotopes in Differentiating Organic and Conventional Foodstuffs: 1. Plant Products

Light-Element Isotopes (H, C, N, and O) as Tracers of Human Diet: A Case Study on Fast Food Meals

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