Changing commuting patterns in rural metro-adjacent regions: the case of Castilla-La Mancha in the context of Madrid, Spain

Abstract

APPENDIX B -Out-commuting changes in regards to the direction of flows Year Municipality Population (% of total CLM pop.) # total outcommut. flows (% out of working population) Share of out-commuting flows directed towards: (Regional level) (Municipal level) Madrid Region (1) CLM (1) (2) Other Region (1) Madrid Toledo Other FUA centres (3) Other CLM munic. (4)

Rural–Urban Gradients and Human Population Dynamics

“…This finding coincides with the observed association between accessibility and land-uses at the local level [18,34,55]. Accessibility in urban areas is higher than in rural areas according to studies elsewhere [12,[56][57][58][59]. The most urban local areas of Spain presented greater road accessibility than the more rural local areas.…”

Emerging Location-Based Service Data on Perceiving and Measuring Multifunctionality of Rural Space: A Study of Suzhou, China

“…As Merriman suggested, recent work consider mobility as a process "actively shaping or producing multiple, dynamic spaces" [55], the arrival of ex-urban residents, the departure of young people to cities, the return of out-migrants, and the holiday or seasonal flows of urban tourists to and through these places, indicate that rural places remain in a continual state of flux, always being remade and never completed. Human mobilities has long represented a significant research theme within rural studies, both in terms of the spatial analysis of population movements between rural and urban places [56][57][58] and the reciprocal relationship between mobilities and the dynamics of rural space [59][60][61]. In the process of industrialization, urbanization, and modernization in Suzhou, rural space and its functions have undergone transformation and differentiation.…”

The influence of education level and job type on work-related travel patterns within rural metro-adjacent regions: The case of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain

“…• First, regarding the scale of analysis, we provide a more critical understanding of contemporary/ short-term mobilities in a rural region adjacent to a metropolitan one (what we call a rural metro-adjacent region 3 , according to Mohino, Solis, and Ureña (2017)). Although mobilities from, to and across the rural space have long represented a key research topic due to opportunities for rural development (Bijker et al, 2015;Kilpatrick, 2011 ;Stockdale, 2006), "outside major agglomerations, the understanding of the multidirectional nature of commuting patterns is more limited" (Harris, Alasia, & Bollman, 2008, p. 13).…”

“…Although mobilities from, to and across the rural space have long represented a key research topic due to opportunities for rural development (Bijker et al, 2015;Kilpatrick, 2011 ;Stockdale, 2006), "outside major agglomerations, the understanding of the multidirectional nature of commuting patterns is more limited" (Harris, Alasia, & Bollman, 2008, p. 13). Only a few recent studies have emphasized travel patterns in rural areas located beyond metropolitan centers (Piorr, Ravetz, & Tosics, 2011;Ravetz, Fertner, & Sick-Nielsen, 2013;Mohino et al, 2017). Thus, it is necessary to engage more critically with rural regions 4 adjacent to emerging polycentric urban regions due to the multiple transformations that have occurred in recent years.…”

“…Thus, it is necessary to engage more critically with rural regions 4 adjacent to emerging polycentric urban regions due to the multiple transformations that have occurred in recent years. Although Mohino et al (2017) focused only on commuting flows, that study identified that these regions are a) becoming hybrid territories, changing from predominantly rural territories into areas that exhibit mixed rural-metropolitan behaviors; b) increasingly influenced by metropolitan overflows, which are predominantly integrating non-central municipalities; c) transforming their urban spatial structures from leaderless models to incipient, polycentric ones; and d) experiencing a commuting reconfiguration towards multidirectional patterns. • Second, we contribute in terms of the travel purposes considered: commuting vs business travel.…”