Changing concepts in pathophysiology of the vasculitides

Robertson, Cheryl R.; McCallum, Rex M.

doi:10.1097/00002281-199401000-00002

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Similarly, focal cerebral ischaemia in rats increases TNF-ct production by ischaemic neurones [16] supporting a role for ET-1 in stroke. As might be expected there is also a strong cytokine activation in human vasculitis [17,18], and interestingly in congestive heart failure [19] (in which human state ET-1 receptor antagonists are beneficial [4]), and possibly hypercholesterolaemia [20]. Clearly there are substantial increases in the production and circulating level of TNF-o~ in systemic inflammatory response (septic shock syndrome) and related pathological states [21], and here animal studies indicate that endothelin production is increased for endothelin receptor antagonists potentiate endotoxaemia-associated hypotension [22].…”

Section: Td Warner and P Klemmsupporting

confidence: 56%

What turns on the endothelins?

Warner

Klemm

1996

Inflamm Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Production of the potent vasoconstrictor peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1) within the circulation is increased markedly in a number of pathologies, such as the damage following from ischaemia and reperfusion, vasculitis, congestive heart failure, and systemic inflammatory response (septic shock syndrome) and related pathological states. All these conditions are associated with marked increases in the production of cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-2. Our experiments indicate that in rats administration of either of these cytokines results in a rapid increase in the circulating levels of ET-1 and a very pronounced ET-1-dependent coronary vasoconstriction. Furthermore, in rats suffering from adjuvant polyarthritis, in which there is marked joint inflammation and associated cytokine production, there are dramatic increases in coronary perfusion pressure which are absent when rats are treated with an endothelin receptor antagonist. This does not imply that inflammation must be associated with coronary vasoconstriction and myocardial dysfunction, but rather that in the rat, where ET-1 is a strong and almost irreversible constrictor of coronary vessels, coronary perfusion pressure serves as a very good bioassay for ET-1 activity. What our results do imply is that the ET-1 system is latent, but that in numerous disease states it can become rapidly upregulated following endothelial activation by cytokines.

show abstract

Section: Td Warner and P Klemmsupporting

confidence: 56%

What turns on the endothelins?

Warner

Klemm

1996

Inflamm Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The endothelium normally functions to thwart cell extravasation, but at inflammatory sites this living barrier undergoes remarkable phenotypic changes such as expression of adhesion molecules, which facilitate the passage of mononuclear cells. Diverse studies in patients with SLE have confirmed the permissive role of vascular adhesion molecules in the pathogenesis of vasculitis and glomerulonephritis [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Widespread activation of the endothelium has been suggested by the observation that even in nonlesional, nonsun-exposed (buttock) skin from patients with active SLE, endothelial expression of adhesion molecules as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS, NOS2) is up-regulated [7,8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Shedding of endothelial protein C receptor contributes to vasculopathy and renal injury in lupus: In vivo and in vitro evidence

Sesin

Yin

Esmon

et al. 2005

Kidney International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…4 By attaching to the site of localization of the immune complexes, inflammation, hemorrhage, and palpable purpuric lesions result. 5 Lesions are most commonly located on the lower extremities, forearms, and hands. In addition, painless gastrointestinal hemorrhage has been associated with leukocytoclastic vasculitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%