Changing demography of homeless adult populations

Tsai, Jack; Mehta, Kala M.; Mongtomery, A E; Elbogen, Eric B.; Hooshyar, Dina

doi:10.1177/1757913920919796

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Therefore, we focused on three tasks—creating a diverse research team, training, and building relationships before starting recruitment. Because individuals who experience homelessness comprise of a diverse group of individuals with various needs (e.g., Madigan & Friedman 2021; Tsai et al 2021), we ensured we had a well-trained and diverse team (Groenewald et al 2020). Our team was diverse with regards to disciplines (audiology, social work, and counselor education and counseling psychology), experience with research (graduate student, assistant professor, and associate professor), and race/ethnicity.…”

Section: Recruitment and Enrollment In This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusion of Older Adults Who Experience Homelessness in Laboratory-Based Audiology Research: a Feasibility Study

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: The objective of this study was to recruit older adults who experience homelessness into a feasibility study on laboratory-based audiology research. Design: Using best practices for recruiting individuals who experience homelessness into research, we aimed to recruit 25 participants over the course of six months. The protocol included hearing health history and hearing test. Individuals were also referred to services if needed and requested. Results: Among the 11 study participants recruited, almost half of the individuals did not meet the inclusion criteria due to severe hearing loss, neurological disorders, and difficulty staying alert. Conclusions: We identified a few barriers to including older adults who experience homelessness in laboratory-based audiology research and discussed potential strategies. Our findings provide lessons for future audiology research on including a population of individuals who may be vulnerable to health disparity and often omitted from research.

show abstract

Section: Recruitment and Enrollment In This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusion of Older Adults Who Experience Homelessness in Laboratory-Based Audiology Research: a Feasibility Study

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…If there are differential associations between MRI measures of brain structure and age, there are potential implications for education, public health policy, and health delivery, especially given the aging homeless population. 12…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential age-associated brain atrophy and white matter changes among homeless and precariously housed individuals compared to the general population

Stubbs

Jones

Wolfman

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ImportanceHomeless or precariously housed individuals live with poor health and experience premature mortality compared to the general population. With an increasing average age among this demographic, syndromes associated with neurogenerative disease are also increasing. Quantitative MRI measures may help define the roles of age and risk factors for poor brain health among these individuals.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether MRI measures of brain structure are differentially associated with age and selected risk factors among individuals who are homeless or precariously housed compared to a general population sample.Design, setting, and participantsCross sectional comparison of baseline data from 312 community-based, precariously housed participants with a publicly available dataset of 382 participants recruited from the general population.Exposure(s)The primary exposure was housing status (precariously housed vs general population). Risk factors in the precariously housed sample included mental illness, substance dependence, intravenous drug use, HIV, and history of traumatic brain injury.Main outcome(s) and measure(s)The main outcomes were MRI measures of whole-brain tissue- to-intracranial volume ratio, fractional anisotropy, and mean diffusivity. Multiple linear regression and piecewise regression were used to evaluate differences in associations between MRI measures and age between the samples, and to explore associations with risk factors in the precariously housed sample.ResultsCompared to the general population sample, older age in the precariously housed sample was associated with more whole-brain atrophy (β=-0.20, p=0.0029), lower whole-brain FA (β=-0.32, p<0.0001), and higher whole-brain MD (β=0.69, p<0.0001). Several MRI measures had non-linear associations with age, with further adverse changes after age 35-40 in the precariously housed sample. Frontal and temporal cortical thickness, corpus callosum volume, and diffusivity in the association tracts, corpus callosum, and thalamic radiations were the regions of interest most differentially affected. History of traumatic brain injury, stimulant dependence, and heroin dependence were associated with more atrophy or alterations in white matter diffusivity in the precariously housed sample.Conclusions and relevanceOlder age is associated with adverse MRI measures of brain structure among homeless and precariously housed individuals compared to the general population. Education, improvements in care provision and policy may help to reduce the health disparities experienced by these individuals.

show abstract

“…Tracking trends and patterns in homelessness over time has revealed longstanding disparities. For example, Black Americans constitute 41% of the homeless adult population, but only 12% of the U.S. population (Tsai et al, 2021). The enduring overrepresentation of Black individuals in the U.S. homeless population indicate socioeconomic and racial/ethnic factors may influencing precipitants of homelessness as well as pathways out of homelessness (Jones, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are a few gender-specific studies of veteran homelessness using data from VA Homeless Programs. Findings from these studies have been mixed as to whether female veterans are at higher risk for homelessness than male veterans and it may depend on military service era and reference groups (Montgomery et al, 2019(Montgomery et al, , 2020Tsai et al, 2021). However, it is well documented that some factors associated with homelessness, such as military sexual trauma and chronic medical conditions, do vary by gender, race, and ethnicity among veterans (Byrne et al, 2019;Klingensmith et al, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is not surprising then, that Black veterans were significantly more likely to be at risk for or experience homelessness compared to other veterans (Montgomery et al, 2020). Black veterans comprised over one-third of the homeless veteran population, but only 12% of the veteran population (Tsai et al, 2021). Black veterans may benefit from specific strategies to address homelessness that take into account both racial identity and veteran status.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Unmet needs of homeless U.S. veterans by gender and race/ethnicity: Data from five annual surveys.

Tsai¹,

Mitchell²,

Nakashima³

et al. 2023

Psychological Services

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There has been insufficient research on gender, race, and ethnic differences in unmet needs of homeless populations. This study analyzed 5 years of data collected by Project Community Homelessness Assessment, Local Education, and Networking Groups (CHALENG) surveys from 2012 to 2016 to examine gender, race, and ethnic differences in "literally homeless" veterans (i.e., veterans living in the streets, shelters, vehicles, or any other place not meant for habitation). Of 7,040 participants, there were 6,335 male and 705 female literally homeless veterans from 4 self-identified racial/ethnic categories (White, Black, Hispanic, and Other). The results showed that homeless female veterans were significantly more likely to report unmet needs related to emergency shelter, transitional housing, and dental care than male veterans. Among men, White veterans reported greater unmet needs in housing, healthcare, basic needs, and specialized needs than racial/ethnic minority veterans. Among women, veterans who were racial/ethnic minorities reported greater unmet needs than their White counterparts. These findings suggest programmatic attention to gender, race, and ethnicity is important in addressing diverse needs of homeless veterans and specialized services may be needed to address their specific and consistent unmet needs. Impact StatementThe needs of homeless veterans are influenced by gender, race, and ethnicity. This study found unmet needs among homeless veterans differed between White and racial/minorities as well as males and females. Programs serving homeless veterans should seek to understand specific needs of subgroups and how best to address them by incorporating veteran-centered care and culturally sensitive interventions.

show abstract

Changing demography of homeless adult populations

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

Inclusion of Older Adults Who Experience Homelessness in Laboratory-Based Audiology Research: a Feasibility Study

Inclusion of Older Adults Who Experience Homelessness in Laboratory-Based Audiology Research: a Feasibility Study

Differential age-associated brain atrophy and white matter changes among homeless and precariously housed individuals compared to the general population

Unmet needs of homeless U.S. veterans by gender and race/ethnicity: Data from five annual surveys.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About