Changing Educational Effects of Sibship Sex Composition in Taiwan

Chang, Yi Chun; Li, Jui Chung Allen

doi:10.1080/21620555.2015.1120152

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Parents' earlier educational investment in the highest educated child enables a higher income among those children and a consequent sharing of wealth with older parents because of the norm of reciprocity (Emerson, 1981;Molm and Cook, 1995). Parents tend to allocate more intra-family resources to the education of the particular children who had greater potential to reciprocate as a strategic investment (Blake, 1981;Chang and Li, 2016). These findings offer support for the strategic investment perspective and that reciprocity appeared to be a driving force behind children's financial support to their parents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intra-household resources are distributed unequally among siblings as a result of the family decision process, which evaluates children's innate abilities and other characteristics that would affect their potential contributions to the family, such as children's gender in the patrilineal family system (Chu et al ., 2007; Zheng, 2013). When parents experience budget constraints, they would invest more family resources in children, who are more likely to benefit from education and succeed in the labour market, and thus have better capacity and likelihood to repay or reciprocate parents’ investment in their education in the future than siblings with lower labour market value or lower possibilities of providing for parents (Blake, 1981; Chang and Li, 2016). Traditional large Chinese families might sacrifice the education opportunities of female, especially older female, siblings and save their resources to promote male siblings’ education attainment (Chu et al ., 2007; Zheng, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Children's education and their financial transfers to ageing parents in rural China: mothers and fathers’ strategic advantages in enforcing reciprocity

Pei

Cong

2018

Ageing and Society

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This investigation examined the impact of children's education on their financial support to older parents in rural China based on a theoretical framework that regards financial transfers from adult children as motivated by parents’ earlier investments on children's education, and mothers and fathers having different strategic advantages to enforce reciprocity. The sample derived from six waves of panel data from the Longitudinal Study of Older Adults in Anhui Province, China, from 2001 to 2015, based on which we constructed five stacked intervals (2001–2003, 2003–2006, 2006–2009, 2009–2012, 2012–2015). The random-effects models showed that the highest educated child provided more financial support than other children and that the amount was conditional on the actual educational attainment of the highest educated child. Our results also suggested that fathers and mothers have different strategic advantages in the process. Mothers’ emotional bonds with their highest educated children enforced financial returns. In contrast, fathers’ stronger identification with traditional filial norms was more consequential for receiving financial support from the highest educated children. We discuss these findings in the context of the patrilineal family system and social changes, including rapid population ageing and the decline of fertility rates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children's education and their financial transfers to ageing parents in rural China: mothers and fathers’ strategic advantages in enforcing reciprocity

Pei

Cong

2018

Ageing and Society

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“…Further, daughters, but not sons, are often kept at home to care for younger siblings. As the number of younger siblings is reduced, daughters are freer to attend school (Bhat 2002; Chang and Li 2016; Wu, Ye, and Guangye He 2014).…”

Section: Background and Conceptualizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Another Gendered Demographic Dividend: Adjusting to a Future without Sons

Allendorf¹

2020

Population & Development Rev

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Sonless families may pose a gendered demographic dividend. As fertility declines, families with only daughters are likely to grow. In turn, patriarchal family systems may weaken when many families are unable to engage in patriarchal practices. I examine some of these theorized dynamics in India. Sonless families did grow as fertility declined, reaching 10 percent in India as a whole in 2015 and approaching 20 percent in states with earlier fertility declines. I also identify a substantial influence of children's sex on mothers' expectations of old-age support. Using panel data from the India Human Development Survey, I compare women's expectations after they had children to earlier expectations when they did not yet have children. Women with sons kept or further embraced patriarchal expectations that a son would provide support. Sonless mothers largely gave up patriarchal expectations, turning to daughters or away from children altogether.

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“…Further, daughters, but not sons, are often kept at home to provide child care for younger siblings. As the number of younger siblings is reduced, daughters are freer to attend school (Bhat 2002;Chang and Li 2016;Wu, Ye, and Guangye 2014).…”

Section: Gender the Demographic Transition And Demographic Dividendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Another Gendered Demographic Dividend? Adjusting to a Future Without Sons

Allendorf¹

2019

Preprint

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I argue that sonless families pose a gendered demographic dividend. As fertility declines, families with only daughters are likely to grow. In turn, patriarchal family systems may weaken when many families are unable to engage in patriarchal practices. I examine some of these theorized dynamics in India. Sonless families did grow as fertility declined; the percentage sonless reached 10% in India as a whole in 2015 and approached 20% in states with earlier fertility declines. I also identify a substantial influence of children’s gender on mothers’ expectations of old age support. Using panel data from the India Human Development Survey (IHDS), I compare women’s expectations after they had children to earlier expectations when they did not yet have children. Women with sons kept or further embraced patriarchal expectations that a son would provide support. Sonless mothers largely gave up patriarchal expectations, turning to their daughters or away from children altogether.

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Changing Educational Effects of Sibship Sex Composition in Taiwan

Cited by 6 publications

References 40 publications

Children's education and their financial transfers to ageing parents in rural China: mothers and fathers’ strategic advantages in enforcing reciprocity

Children's education and their financial transfers to ageing parents in rural China: mothers and fathers’ strategic advantages in enforcing reciprocity

Another Gendered Demographic Dividend: Adjusting to a Future without Sons

Another Gendered Demographic Dividend? Adjusting to a Future Without Sons

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