Changing epidemiology of calcific aortic valve disease: 30-year trends of incidence, prevalence, and deaths across 204 countries and territories

Abstract

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We aimed to elucidate the 30-year epidemiology of CAVD globally. Global CAVD incidence, prevalence, and deaths increased 3.51-, 4.43-, and 1.38-fold from 1990 to 2019, respectively, without any decreasing trends, even after age standardization. In 2019, Slovenia had the highest age-standardized rate (ASR) of CAVD incidence (62.21/100,000 persons) and prevalence (1,080.06/100,000) whereas Cyprus had the highest ASR of deaths (8.20/100,000). Population aging was an important contributor to incidence. Compared with women, more men had CAVD and men had earlier peaks in disease prevalence. High systolic blood pressure, diet high in sodium, and lead exposure were the main risk factors for deaths owing to CAVD. The estimated annual percentage change, a measure to estimate the variation of ASR, was significantly associated with the ASR and sociodemographic index (SDI) in 2019 for incidence and prevalence across all 204 countries and territories (all p<0.0001). With increased lifespan and risk factors, the overall burden of CAVD is high and remains on the rise, with differences by sex, age, and SDI level. Our findings serve to sound the alarm for organizations, institutions, and resources whose primary purpose is to improve human health.

Parathyroid Hormone Induces Human Valvular Endothelial Cells Dysfunction That Impacts the Osteogenic Phenotype of Valvular Interstitial Cells

“…The increased incidence of valvular diseases and in particular of calcific aortic valve disease in the last 30–40 years [ 30 ] and the need for more data on the evolution, factors and relationships between the cells involved (VEC and VIC) prompted us to investigate whether PTH has a role in the interaction between these two cell types in disease initiation or progression. Although the recent studies suggest that PTH could directly induce endothelial dysfunction and contribute to vascular calcification [ 18 , 31 , 32 ], the effect of this hormone on human valvular endothelial cells and the effect of dysfunctional VEC on VIC osteogenic phenotype remain unclear.…”

“…Every two days the medium was replaced with PTH-containing fresh culture medium. The 10 −9 M concentration was chosen because it was previously reported to affect aortic endothelial cells [ 30 ]. Moreover, in our initial tests aiming to find the appropriate PTH concentration for VEC (since a variety of PTH concentrations are mentioned in the literature, depending on cell type), this concentration (10 −9 M) significantly increased ROS ( Supplementary Figure S4 ).…”

The spatiotemporal dynamics of lung cancer: 30-year trends of epidemiology across 204 countries and territories

“…After classifying into 20 different age groups, the crude number and prevalence rates were collected to analyze the age-and sex-specific patterns for males and females in 2019. In addition, to explore the roles of population growth, population aging and changes in lung cancer burden per capita on the change in total lung cancer incidence cases, a decomposition analysis was performed by (1) applying the 1990 age-specific rates to the age structures and total population in 2019, and (2) applying the age-specific rates and age structures in 1990 to 2019 population size [ 12 ]. Furthermore, to assess the effect factors for the EAPC, we comprehensively analyzed the correlation of EAPC in ASYR with HDI and ASYR at the national level.…”

Association Between Lipoprotein(a) and Calcific Aortic Valve Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Studies without adjusted values were replaced with unadjusted values. Given the incidence of CAVD is <20%, the OR was approximately equal to RR ( 31 , 32 ). Therefore, RRs and 95% CIs were used to estimate the combined effects.…”