2012
DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis614
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Changing Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile Infection Following the Introduction of a National Ribotyping-Based Surveillance Scheme in England

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Cited by 222 publications
(167 citation statements)
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“…These epidemiological changes coincided with the emergence and epidemic spread of C. difficile strains belonging to the PCR ribotype (RT) 027/North American pulsedfield gel electrophoresis type 1 (NAP1) (6). Indeed, RT027 became the predominant strain in many geographical regions, as documented in different epidemiological studies, and, since 2005, several countries have conducted epidemiological surveillance to monitor its spread (7,8). It has been reported to occur in at least 38 U.S. states and in 16 European countries, being also responsible for outbreaks (7, 9).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These epidemiological changes coincided with the emergence and epidemic spread of C. difficile strains belonging to the PCR ribotype (RT) 027/North American pulsedfield gel electrophoresis type 1 (NAP1) (6). Indeed, RT027 became the predominant strain in many geographical regions, as documented in different epidemiological studies, and, since 2005, several countries have conducted epidemiological surveillance to monitor its spread (7,8). It has been reported to occur in at least 38 U.S. states and in 16 European countries, being also responsible for outbreaks (7, 9).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Clearly, the NAP1/BI/027 ribotype became the predominant strain in many geographical locations during the past decade, and this has been well documented in several large-scale epidemiological studies, such as the one performed by the National Ribotype-Based Surveillance Scheme in England (171). Results from this surveillance program demonstrate a correlation between the frequency of NAP1/BI/027 infections and increased mortality.…”
Section: History and Emergence Of Nap1/027/bi Strainsmentioning
confidence: 82%
“…Time from sampling to test result also varies considerably by pathogen, but negative results do generally lead to patients being removed from isolation. Strain typing information is commonly used if a C. difficile outbreak is suspected, probably reflecting the easy access to ribotyping through the Clastridium Difficile Ribotyping Network (CDRN), 28 but is used less so outside of these situations. Many patients complete antibiotic therapy outside of hospital and a significant minority are subsequently readmitted for additional treatment.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%