Changing Epidemiology of Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E Viruses in China, 1990–2014

Ren, Xiang; Wu, Peng; Wang, Liping; Geng, Mengjie; Zeng, Lingjia; Zhang, Jun; Xia, Ningshao; Lai, Shengjie; Dalton, Harry R.; Cowling, Benjamin J.; Yu, Hongjie

doi:10.3201/eid2302.161095

Cited by 38 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A comparatively lower HAV prevalence may be due to improved living standards environmental hygiene and increasing Hepatitis A immunization. Other Indian authors also observed the similar finding (Chandra et al, 2012;Ren et al, 2017).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Epidemiological Study of Hepatitis A Virus and Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Patients Presenting with Acute Viral Hepatitis

Netra¹,

Bithu²,

Maheshwari³

2018

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Epidemiological Study of Hepatitis A Virus and Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Patients Presenting with Acute Viral Hepatitis

Netra¹,

Bithu²,

Maheshwari³

2018

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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“…It is plausible that this might be accounted for by the improved sanitary infrastructure, which has asserted a negative ecological pressure on HEV gt1. In China, acute HEV infection is more common than HAV infection (Ren et al 2017).…”

Section: Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission and Epidemiology of Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3 and 4 Infections

Dalton

Izopet

2018

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med

Self Cite

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Following the introduction of robust serological and molecular tools, our understanding of the epidemiology of zoonotic hepatitis E virus (HEV) has improved considerably in recent years. Current thinking suggests that consumption of pork meat products is the key route of infection in humans, but it is certainly not the only one. Other routes of infection include environmental spread, contaminated water, and via the human blood supply. The epidemiology of HEV genotype (gt)3 and gt4 is complex, as there are several sources and routes of infection, and it is likely that these vary between and within countries and over time.

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“…China licensed the world’s first live attenuated liquid hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccine in 1992. Since the same year, the HAV vaccine has been offered in schools and universities, as well as to those who were vulnerable and had close contact with those infected with HAV 8 25 26. This coincides with the dramatic drop in VH mortality for those born between 1970 and 1974 as this group was the cohort who received the vaccination either at school or university.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The emerging challenges in VH prevention and control, which have already caused a resurgence in VH mortality, are mainly due to the increasing epidemic of hepatitis E virus (HEV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in more recent years. Regarding HEV, although the number of reported deaths resulting from HBV remained largely unchanged since 2007, accounting for nearly 80% of all VH deaths in China,1 4 27 29 the incidence and mortality rate of HEV rose, overtaking those of HAV in 2011 and 2004, respectively 26 27 30. It is anticipated that the availability of the HEV vaccine may eventually curb the rising epidemic of HEV 10.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality trends of liver diseases in mainland China over three decades: an age-period-cohort analysis

et al. 2019

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ObjectiveTo analyse mortality trends of liver diseases in China over the past 30 years.DesignAge-period-cohort analyses were applied to liver diseases data obtained from the Chinese Health Statistics Annual Report (1987–2001) and the Chinese Health Statistics Yearbook (2003–2017).SettingGeneral population in mainland China.OutcomesMortality rates and age, period and cohort effects on three categories of liver diseases: primary liver cancer (PLC), chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (CLD), and viral hepatitis (VH).ResultsA total of 13.54 million deaths were attributable to liver diseases over the period between 1987 and 2016, resulting in an average of 36.15 deaths per 100 000 population per year. The risk of PLC mortality increased by 32.69% over the period after controlling for the effects of age and birth cohort. By contrast, the risk of CLD mortality decreased by 56.64% over the same period. The risk of VH mortality decreased first, followed by a resurgence after the period of 2002–2006. Similar mortality risk trends by age (increasing) and birth cohort (decreasing) were observed for PLC and CLD. The year 1952 represented a turning point for VH, with people born after 1950 experiencing a declining risk of VH mortality.ConclusionsChina has achieved great success in reducing the mortality of VH and CLD. However, significant challenges lie ahead in the efforts to prevent and control PLC and the resurgence of VH.

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Changing Epidemiology of Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E Viruses in China, 1990–2014

Cited by 38 publications

References 14 publications

Epidemiological Study of Hepatitis A Virus and Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Patients Presenting with Acute Viral Hepatitis

Epidemiological Study of Hepatitis A Virus and Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Patients Presenting with Acute Viral Hepatitis

Transmission and Epidemiology of Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3 and 4 Infections

Mortality trends of liver diseases in mainland China over three decades: an age-period-cohort analysis

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