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An increasing number of studies find that water sharing—the non-market transfer of
privately held water between households—is a ubiquitous informal practice around the world
and a primary way that households respond to water insecurity. Yet, a key question about
household water sharing remains: is water sharing a viable path that can help advance household
water security? Or should water sharing be understood as a symptom of water insecurity in wait
for more formalized solutions? Here, we address this question by applying Sen’s entitlement
framework in an integrative review of empirical scholarship on household water sharing. Our
review shows that when interhousehold water sharing is governed by established and well-
functioning norms it can serve as a reliable transfer entitlement that bolsters household water
security. However, when water sharing occurs outside of established norms (triggered by broader
entitlement failures) it is often associated with significant emotional and social distress that may
exacerbate conditions of water insecurity. These findings suggest that stable, norm-based water
sharing arrangements may offer a viable, adaptive solution to households facing water insecurity.
Nevertheless, more scholarship is needed to better understand when and how norm-based water
transfer entitlements fail, the capacity of water sharing practices to evolve into lasting normative
entitlements, and the impact of interhousehold water sharing on intrahousehold water security.
An increasing number of studies find that water sharing—the non-market transfer of
privately held water between households—is a ubiquitous informal practice around the world
and a primary way that households respond to water insecurity. Yet, a key question about
household water sharing remains: is water sharing a viable path that can help advance household
water security? Or should water sharing be understood as a symptom of water insecurity in wait
for more formalized solutions? Here, we address this question by applying Sen’s entitlement
framework in an integrative review of empirical scholarship on household water sharing. Our
review shows that when interhousehold water sharing is governed by established and well-
functioning norms it can serve as a reliable transfer entitlement that bolsters household water
security. However, when water sharing occurs outside of established norms (triggered by broader
entitlement failures) it is often associated with significant emotional and social distress that may
exacerbate conditions of water insecurity. These findings suggest that stable, norm-based water
sharing arrangements may offer a viable, adaptive solution to households facing water insecurity.
Nevertheless, more scholarship is needed to better understand when and how norm-based water
transfer entitlements fail, the capacity of water sharing practices to evolve into lasting normative
entitlements, and the impact of interhousehold water sharing on intrahousehold water security.
Climate change is generating levels of environmental risk that are jeopardising modern development. As the management of water systems becomes more difficult, approaches to governance and engagement within regions are increasingly shaping adaptation successes and failures. We use theory on hydrosocial systems and risk to critically analyse stakeholder experiences of a transition in South Australian water management in peri‐urban Adelaide, with detail from the Langhorne Creek viticultural region. Local prescription of water resources has limited over‐exploitation and supported landowners to use water in sophisticated ways. When community stakeholders deliberated on common concerns with governance organisations for mutually beneficial outcomes, decision‐making supported successful hydrosocial adaptation. Ongoing challenges, such as a lack of confidence in the scientific knowledge guiding decisions, were accentuated when the process was politicised and engagement became inauthentic. If trust between governance organisations and local stakeholders is broken, it is difficult to re‐engage the farming community with adaptation decision‐making. In contrast, by working closely with community end‐users, government can enable appropriate behaviour and guide adaptive management. Attention to hydrosocial processes will be crucial to facilitate effective local adaptation policy in response to climate risk.
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