“…Other methods and indicators used to assess change in healthcare providers’ clinical practice after training included retrospective analysis of clinical records Clark et al , 2010), audit of clinical records or databases (Harris et al , 1995; Dijkman et al , 2010; Markova et al , 2012) and review of the partograph (Taylor, 1996; Berglund et al , 2010). Measures assessed include change in labour augmentation rate (Berglund et al , 2010), change in episiotomy rate (Spitzer et al , 2014; Dresang et al , 2015), change in post-partum haemorrhage rate (Sørensen et al , 2011; Spitzer et al , 2014; Dresang et al , 2015), number of perimortem caesarean sections per year (Dijkman et al , 2010), caesarean section rate (Berglund et al , 2010; Makuwani et al , 2010; Sørensen et al , 2011; Van de Ven et al , 2016), vacuum delivery rate (Sørensen et al , 2011; Dresang et al , 2015), change in obstetric referral pattern (Ronsmans et al , 2001; Nielsen et al , 2007; Makuwani et al , 2010; Nyamtema et al , 2016; Rahman et al , 2017), diagnosis and management of EmOC complications (Varghese et al , 2016), quality of face mask ventilation (Mazza et al , 2017), degree of implementation of protocols (Deering et al , 2004; Xu et al , 2014; Burstein et al , 2016; Kim et al , 2016; Van de Ven et al , 2016) and documentation of achievement of strategic goals to change practice post-training (Walker et al , 2012, 2014). At the health system level, the availability and/or change in EmOC signal functions were assessed in three studies (Evans et al , 2009; Ameh and van den Broek, 2015; Dresang et al , 2015).…”