“…Both initiatives also shaped the curriculum offered to primary school children. At the centre of the Numeracy Development Project were three elements: a framework that outlined key knowledge and strategies using 'stages' to describe learner progress in thinking (the Number Framework), a diagnostic interview (eventually used to assign stages to learners but designed as a professional learning tool for teachers), and a teaching model, based on the work of Pirie and Kieren (1989), which promoted a recursive path from concrete materials, to imaging materials in the mind, to using numbers and abstractions (Hunter, 2016;Higgins & Parsons, 2011). Thus, the NDP provided teachers with content, pedagogy and assessment tools related to number concepts, and became a proxy for the primary curriculum between 2001(McChesney, 2017, effectively narrowing the mathematics curriculum experienced by ākonga.…”