Changing Outcome Expectancies, Drinking Intentions, and Implicit Attitudes toward Alcohol: A Comparison of Positive Expectancy‐Related and Health‐Related Alcohol Warning Labels

Glock, Sabine; Krolak-Schwerdt, Sabine

doi:10.1111/aphw.12013

Cited by 33 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Moreover, warning labels contradicting positive outcome expectancies lowered drinking intentions and the perception of positive alcohol-related outcome expectancies [47]. In line with this research, there is also a first support for the effectiveness of contradicting positive smoking outcome expectancies [48].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…A recent study has shown that warning labels contracting positive alcohol-related outcomes expectancies have changed implicit attitudes toward alcohol into more negative ones [47], while warning labels focusing on health-damaging aspect of alcohol consumption resulted in more positive implicit attitudes [47]. Moreover, warning labels contradicting positive outcome expectancies lowered drinking intentions and the perception of positive alcohol-related outcome expectancies [47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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″Smoking Kills″ Vs. ″Smoking Makes Restless″: Effectiveness of Different Warning Labels on Smoking Behavior

Glock

Ritter²,

Engels³

et al. 2013

PBS

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Warning labels on cigarette packages rely on the negative health aspects of smoking. For smokers, however, smoking is related to positive as well as to negative outcomes. Positive smoking outcomes are shown to be crucial in activating smoking behaviour. Thus, this study compared current health warnings with warning labels contradicting positive outcomes. In a field study, 38 adult smokers were followed over a 5-day period to investigate the effect of the different types of warning labels on actual smoking behaviour. Our results provide evidence that no type of warning label had an influence on smoking behaviour. Reasons for this null-findings and future directions in research are discussed.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

″Smoking Kills″ Vs. ″Smoking Makes Restless″: Effectiveness of Different Warning Labels on Smoking Behavior

Glock

Ritter²,

Engels³

et al. 2013

PBS

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Alcohol warning labels are intended to increase knowledge and attitudes regarding the harmful consequences of alcohol use and promote changes in consumption behaviour [20]. Although there is no substantial evidence in the literature on the effectiveness of alcohol warning labels in changing behaviour, especially among groups at risk [22,23,24,46], previous research revealed that this could be due to narrow implementation, to the generic nature of the messages used, and to their poor visibility [21,22,28,46]. In this regard, in order to increase the likelihood of alcohol warning messages being perceived as relevant, they need to be congruent with the beliefs of the target audience [9,28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, while there is broad consensus that this type of information may improve knowledge and raise awareness and prompt discussion on the harmful health and social consequences of alcohol abuse [10,20], mixed results have been obtained in numerous studies examining the effectiveness of alcohol warning statements in changing consumer behaviour [22]. In particular, studies performed in the United States have found that alcohol warnings have no effect on beliefs about alcohol or intended alcohol-related behaviour [23], while others have found moderate effects on consumption [24]. According to Al-hamdani (2014) [22], the mixed results obtained in previous studies are mainly connected to the weak content of warnings on alcohol products, their poor visibility, and the lack of pictorial content.…”

Section: Research Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, MacKinnon et al (2000) [23] indicated that three to four years after introduction of warning labels in the US, adolescents had increased awareness of labelling laws, exposure to labels and recognition memory of alcohol warning labels. Glock and Krolak-Schwerdt (2013) [24] found that health warnings on alcoholic beverages may specifically influence college-aged people.…”

Section: Research Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alcohol Warnings and Moderate Drinking Patterns among Italian University Students: An Exploratory Study

2017

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The introduction of health warnings on labels to correct externalities associated with alcohol consumption is heavily debated and has been explored from different perspectives. The current paper aims to analyse the interest and attitudes of Italian university students regarding health warnings on alcoholic beverages and to verify the existence of segments that differ in terms of attitudes towards such warnings. Our results show that young consumers consider health warnings quite important, although the degree of perceived utility differs in relation to the type of warning. Cluster analysis shows the existence of three groups of young consumers with different degrees of attention and perceived utility of warnings on alcoholic beverages, but also in relation to drinking behaviour and awareness of social and health risks related to alcohol consumption. In brief, Italian young adults with moderate consumption behaviour view label warnings positively, while this attitude is weaker among younger adults and those with riskier consumption behaviours. Our findings, albeit limited and based on stated and not revealed data, support the need for appropriate tools to improve the availability of information among young adults on the risks of excessive alcohol consumption and increased awareness of the importance of moderate drinking.

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Designing and implementing an experimental survey on knowledge and perceptions about alcohol warning labels

Correia,

Tran,

Kokole

et al. 2024

Int J Methods Psych Res

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ObjectivesThis paper describes the design and implementation of an online survey experiment to investigate the effects of alcohol warning labels on alcohol‐related knowledge, risk perceptions and intentions.MethodThe survey collected self‐reported data from 14 European countries through two waves of data collection with different recruitment strategies: dissemination via social media and public health agencies was followed by paid‐for Facebook ads. The latter strategy was adopted to achieve broader population representation. Post‐stratification weighting was used to match the sample to population demographics.ResultsThe survey received over 34,000 visits and resulted in a sample size of 19,601 participants with complete data on key sociodemographic characteristics. The responses in the first wave were over‐representing females and higher educated people, thus the dissemination was complemented by the paid‐for Facebook ads targeting more diverse populations but had higher attrition rate.ConclusionExperiments can be integrated into general population surveys. Pan‐European results can be achieved with limited resources and a combination of sampling methods to compensate for different biases, and statistical adjustments.

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Changing Outcome Expectancies, Drinking Intentions, and Implicit Attitudes toward Alcohol: A Comparison of Positive Expectancy‐Related and Health‐Related Alcohol Warning Labels

Abstract: This first test of warning labels that contradict positive alcohol outcome expectancies provided promising results; thus warning labels could be considered as means to influence college-aged people.

Cited by 33 publications

References 58 publications

″Smoking Kills″ Vs. ″Smoking Makes Restless″: Effectiveness of Different Warning Labels on Smoking Behavior

″Smoking Kills″ Vs. ″Smoking Makes Restless″: Effectiveness of Different Warning Labels on Smoking Behavior

Alcohol Warnings and Moderate Drinking Patterns among Italian University Students: An Exploratory Study

Designing and implementing an experimental survey on knowledge and perceptions about alcohol warning labels

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