Changing stakeholder relationships in nature reserve management: A case study on Snake Island-Laotie Mountain National Nature Reserve, Liaoning, China

A Chinese approach to protected areas: A case study comparison with the United States

“…In these areas, expansion of agricultural lands can disconnect national nature reserves from broader natural landscapes, and can even lead to the development of agricultural lands inside reserve boundaries (Wan et al, 2015). Poverty is also a severe problem in areas around many national nature reserves, which can drive local governments to encourage tourism and make capital investments in nature reserve infrastructure to help improve local economies, sometimes at the cost of protecting natural resources (Zhou et al, 2014). Currently only 36% of protected areas nationwide report having monitoring programs to track and assess changes in environmental conditions, such as water quality and the health and extent of vegetation and soil, that might result from economic development and other threats inside and outside of reserve boundaries (Zhong et al, 2015).…”

Governance, ‘sovereignty-state-territory triad’, human population migration and xenophobia in (South) Africa

“…In theory, governance of "Peace Parks" involves decentralisation of power that would allow for democratic and equitable administration, management and regulation of borderlands by stakeholders on both sides of the socio-political boundary (Kothari et al, 2013). Such governance is expected to precipitate greater exchanges between stakeholders on both sides of the boundary, creating multiple learning interactions (Kothari et al, 2013;Sibanda, 2015), in the process of which hostilities, animosities and antagonisms would be repaired through conflict resolution mechanisms, protection of human and civil rights, increased trust as well as shared decision-making processes (De Koning 2010;Zhou, Wang, Lassoie, Wang & Sun, 2014;Kark et al, 2015).…”

Special Issue 4 : 2016

“…Though the number of nature reserves is being extended quickly, the improvement of quality is relatively lagging behind (D. Zhou et al, 2014). Community residents and managers, as objects and primary participants of conservation area management (Grimble & Wellard, 1997), will directly affect the implementation effect of nature reserve policies.…”

“…These factors can be broken into socio-demographic factors (Brownson et al, 2000;Pucher and Renne 2003;Shaunna and Konstadinos, 2008;Burbidge et al, 2006;Ewing et al, 2003;Giles Corti and Donovan, 2002a;Pas and Koppelman 1986;and Coogan 2003), quality of service (STIMULUS, 1999;Hensher et al, 2003;Parasuraman et al, 1985;Balcombe et al, 2004;Xiong and Linbo, 2011;ZHOU et al, 2014;Zhang, F. 2011;Xu, G. 2008;and Kumar et al, 2004), reliability (Yatskiv et al, 2012;Balcombe et al, 2004;König, and Axhausen, 2002;Polus, 1978;and Vincent and Hamilton, 2008) and travel information provision (Eveleens M, 2011;Balcombe, et al, 2004;and Stradling, et al, 2001). Table 1 shows summary of factors that influence public transport usage.…”

“…Customers pay more attention to the attributes of the travel process such as safety and comfort in long distance travel. They also consider travel time, headway, fare and comfort for medium distance travel and travel time, headway, Azin Bahreini, Hamed Mirzaei, Mehdi Moeinaddini, Zohreh Asadi-Shekari, Muhammad Zaly & Zahid Sultan Evaluating Significant Factors that Influence Public Transport Usage in Kerman, Iran punctuality and distance to the station for short distance travel (ZHOU et al, 2014;Zhang, F. 2011;Xu, G. 2008;and Kumar et al, 2004).…”