“…Many teachers are still teaching their students in the same manner as how they were taught and how their own teachers were taught, not much of progress in terms of the teaching perspectives [12]. Transformation to less conventional methods of teaching results is in fear and reluctance from teachers, who find the change hard and risky [13]. Reference [14] noted that many lecturers are still using conventional teaching and have noted that in conventional teaching classrooms, while the lecturer is explaining and writing on the board, students will be copying the same thing onto their notes, some day-dreaming and some sleeping.…”
Section: A Limitations Of Conventional Teachingmentioning
“…Many teachers are still teaching their students in the same manner as how they were taught and how their own teachers were taught, not much of progress in terms of the teaching perspectives [12]. Transformation to less conventional methods of teaching results is in fear and reluctance from teachers, who find the change hard and risky [13]. Reference [14] noted that many lecturers are still using conventional teaching and have noted that in conventional teaching classrooms, while the lecturer is explaining and writing on the board, students will be copying the same thing onto their notes, some day-dreaming and some sleeping.…”
Section: A Limitations Of Conventional Teachingmentioning
“…c o m / n e d t Power distance may influence the implementation of reflective practice, particularly in Eastern countries. In Chinese educational settings, the teacher is in a more power distance position than a student (Chiang et al, 2010). This hierarchy also occurs in Thai (Burnard, 2006) and Japanese education systems (Stockhausen and Serizawa, 2008).…”
Section: Contents Lists Available At Sciencedirectmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In China, students are likely to avoid offering opinions in class because of two elements of Chinese culture: the belief that they may be "losing face" and shyness (Chiang et al, 2010). The concept of "losing face" can also be found in Thai culture, where students are encouraged not to challenge the teacher in order to avoid a situation where both the teacher and students may lose (Burnard and Naiyapatana, 2004).…”
Section: Individualist Versus Collectivistmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Teacher-centeredness is commonly found in the collectivist society because the teacher decides what should be taught. Chiang et al (2010) identified that most of the teaching process in Taiwan is teacher-centered. In this study, some teachers were not prepared to adopt a new paradigm that focused on learner-centeredness.…”
Section: Individualist Versus Collectivistmentioning
“…The e-portfolio is hailed as having the potential to be an authentic and holistic assessment tool [40,41]. The authenticity refers to the student-centredness in selection of the material to include and share for assessment.…”
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