Channel adjustments over 140 years in response to extreme floods and land-use change, Tammaro River, southern Italy

Magliulo, Paolo; Bozzi, Federica; Leone, Guido; Fiorillo, Francesco; Leone, Natalia; Russo, Filippo; Valente, Alessio

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2021.107715

Cited by 20 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…According to the literature [2,5,10,17,37], the obtained channel mean width values were used to calculate some robust dimensionless indexes, in particular the "width ratio" (WR) and the "W/W max " indexes. Width ratio is the ratio between the channel mean width measured on a topographic map (or aerial photo) from a given year by the channel mean width measured on the immediately older topographic map (or aerial photo).…”

Section: Data Source and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Campania region is located in the northwestern sector of Southern Italy (Figure 1). It has an area of~590 km 2 and could be subdivided into three main physiographic units sensu [17], i.e., (i) the Apennine mountain range, which reaches altitudes of~1000 to >2000 m a.s.l. and accounts for~30% of the total area; (ii) the low-altitude hills and alluvial valleys for a further 52%, approximately; and (iii) the coastal plains that account for the remnant part [18].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…River channels of Southern Italy are representative of a much wider morphoclimatic scenario, i.e., the Mediterranean area [1,2]. Thus, investigating their short-term morphological changes is of great importance, also in the framework of flood risk assessment and river management [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An almost total lack of information existed for rivers in Southern Italy, at least up until the early 2010s, which is different from rivers located in northern and central part of Italy [5]. Recently, several papers partially filled this gap [2,[6][7][8][9][10][11]. In particular, Scorpio et al [7] compared the channel changes experienced by some rivers located in the different regions of Southern Italy during the last 150 years, and observed three distinct phases of channel adjustments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As most of the investigated rivers of Southern Italy are intensely anthropized, most of the above-listed authors suggested a dominant role played by human disturbances (i.e., Earth 2021, 2 in-channel sediment mining, channelization, and building of cross works, such as dams). However, Magliulo et al [2] recently demonstrated that, among the rivers located in Southern Italy, the Tammaro River underwent the same channel changes experienced by intensely anthropized rivers, notwithstanding it was affected by negligible in-channel human disturbances. Thus, the authors suggested a more relevant role played by both extreme floods and interactions between rainfall changes at a decadal scale, and land-use changes at the catchment scale, in controlling channel adjustments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Channel Width Variation Phases of the Major Rivers of the Campania Region (Southern Italy) over 150 Years: Preliminary Results

Magliulo

Cusano

Giannini³

et al. 2021

Earth

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In recent decades, rivers in Southern Italy experienced remarkable channel changes. Studies on this topic are relatively recent, and yet, far from defining a morpho-evolutionary trend that is common to all rivers of this area. The types and roles of the different controlling factors are still debated. In this study, we present preliminary results about the width channel changes of major rivers in the Campania region (Southern Italy) in the last 150 years. The aim is to provide new insights that are useful to define morpho-evolutionary trajectories at a regional scale and shed light on the roles played by controlling factors. To this aim, we carried out a GIS-aided geomorphological analysis of topographic maps and orthophotos. The results showed the existence of at least three main phases of channel width variations. Between the 1870s and 1930s (Phase 1), most of the rivers experienced widening. Between the 1930s and late 1990s (Phase 2), all of the rivers underwent dramatic narrowing at high rates. Finally, from the 1990s onwards, no dominant trend was found and variations were negligible. Land-use changes at the basin scale and rainfall changes at a decadal scale are likely the main controlling factors, while variations in human disturbances and local factors seem responsible for changes in general trends.

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Section: Data Source and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Channel Width Variation Phases of the Major Rivers of the Campania Region (Southern Italy) over 150 Years: Preliminary Results

Magliulo

Cusano

Giannini³

et al. 2021

Earth

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Using transition matrices to assess the spatio‐temporal land cover and ecotone changes in fluvial landscapes from historical planimetric data

Chardon

Herrault

Staentzela

et al. 2022

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Change detection approaches based on historical maps are frequently used in fluvial geomorphology to reconstruct long‐term river trajectories and evaluate the level of functional degradation. On this basis, achievable rehabilitation goals may also be addressed. However, most of these studies explore the changes of land cover over time only through changes in the landscape composition, which is nevertheless not sufficient to assess accurately the river responses to natural and/or man‐made disturbances. In this study, we present that transition matrices and new metrics derived from this approach can be used to evaluate the land cover and ecotone area changes at multispatial scales on a 6 km long reach of the Upper Rhine. This study was based on the historical maps of 1828, 1838 and 1872 and using Open Street Map (OSM) for 2021. Our approach was targeting to assess (i) the composition and configuration of a fluvial landscape over time from pixel to landscape scale, (ii) the accurate location of land cover changes, their nature and their intensities, and (iii) the location, nature and diversity of the ecotone areas and their spatial complexities over time. The results showed that (i) the absence of changes in landscape composition over time cannot be interpreted as stability in the fluvial landscape in all cases, (ii) transition matrices are robust tools to face interpretation biases caused by conventional approaches based on landscape composition, because they allow us to trace the changes of each element of the transformed landscape elements. From this study, we indicate that the Rhine regulation induced a habitat and ecotone homogenization following the river correction works, which was exacerbated by the Rhine by‐passing, mainly due to the degradation of lateral connectivity between the main channel and the floodplain and global loss of the hydrosystem functionality.

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Channel changes over the last 200 years: A meta data analysis on European rivers

Scorpio,

Comiti,

Liébault

et al. 2024

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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The combined analysis of past evolutionary trajectories of channel morphology and temporal patterns of driving factors is fundamental to understanding present river conditions, supporting river management and evaluating future changes. Rivers in Europe underwent important channel changes during the Anthropocene in response to changing natural drivers and anthropogenic pressures. A considerable number of papers have been published on this topic, in the last decades. In this study, a comprehensive meta‐analysis on channel changes during the last 200 years in Europe was performed, aiming to provide quantitative information on the intensity of changes, to highlight regional scale similarities and dissimilarities in evolutionary morphological trajectories and to discuss the main causes of such changes. Based on a review, 102 papers were selected, addressing 145 channel reaches flowing through five main mountain ranges (Iberians, Alps, Apennines, Balkans and Carpathians) in the southern and eastern parts of Europe. The results show that active channel narrowing (between 26% and 36% on average) and incision (between 1 and 2 m) prevailed in most rivers between the 1800s and the 1950s, although widening was documented in some rivers of the Alps and the Apennines. Most multi‐thread reaches maintained their pattern until the mid‐20th century. Active channel changes accelerated during the 1950s–1990s (or 2000s) period, with channel narrowing up to 60% and channel incision up to 14 m. Multi‐thread patterns strongly decreased in frequency, with anabranching channels disappearing and single‐thread patterns becoming predominant. The cumulative effect of multiple and concomitant human pressures (gravel mining, channelisation and damming) was identified as the main driving factor for these accelerated changes. These findings must feed the public debate about preventing alterations of river ecosystems—exerted by anthropic disturbances—in a context of rapid economic development, especially in river systems still poorly altered and thus preserving wide, active and heterogeneous fluvial corridors.

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Channel adjustments over 140 years in response to extreme floods and land-use change, Tammaro River, southern Italy

Cited by 20 publications

References 58 publications

Channel Width Variation Phases of the Major Rivers of the Campania Region (Southern Italy) over 150 Years: Preliminary Results

Channel Width Variation Phases of the Major Rivers of the Campania Region (Southern Italy) over 150 Years: Preliminary Results

Using transition matrices to assess the spatio‐temporal land cover and ecotone changes in fluvial landscapes from historical planimetric data

Channel changes over the last 200 years: A meta data analysis on European rivers

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Channel adjustments over 140 years in response to extreme floods and land-use change, Tammaro River, southern Italy

Cited by 20 publications

References 58 publications

Channel Width Variation Phases of the Major Rivers of the Campania Region (Southern Italy) over 150 Years: Preliminary Results

Channel Width Variation Phases of the Major Rivers of the Campania Region (Southern Italy) over 150 Years: Preliminary Results

Using transition matrices to assess the spatio‐temporal land cover and ecotone changes in fluvial landscapes from historical planimetric data

Channel changes over the last 200 years: A meta data analysis on European rivers

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Product

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Channel adjustments over 140 years in response to extreme floods and land-use change, Tammaro River, southern Italy