Channel characterization of 28 and 38 GHz MM-wave frequency band spectrum for the future 5G network

Qamar, Faizan; Siddiqui, M. Hassam Shakil; Dimyati, Kaharudin; Noordin, Kamarul Ariffin; Majed, Mohammed B.

doi:10.1109/scored.2017.8305376

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Thus, in order to critically study the performance of the future 5G mmWave wireless network, analyzing the features of the propagation channel and its behavior is essential [32]. The aim of any reliable communication is to achieve a reliable (i.e., accurate) transmission link between the Tx and the Rx [33], including path loss, which is a major aspect upon assessing various types of network scenarios [34]. The factors that directly affect path loss are the distance between the source and the user, operating frequency, fading effect, environmental surface, and meteorological conditions [35,36].…”

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Investigation of Future 5G-IoT Millimeter-Wave Network Performance at 38 GHz for Urban Microcell Outdoor Environment

et al. 2019

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The advent of fifth-generation (5G) systems and their mechanics have introduced an unconventional frequency spectrum of high bandwidth with most falling under the millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum. The benefit of adopting these bands of the frequency spectrum is two-fold. First, most of these bands appear to be unutilized and they are free, thus suggesting the absence of interference from other technologies. Second, the availability of a larger bandwidth offers higher data rates for all users, as there are higher numbers of users who are connected in a small geographical area, which is also stated as the Internet of Things (IoT). Nevertheless, high-frequency band poses several challenges in terms of coverage area limitations, signal attenuation, path and penetration losses, as well as scattering. Additionally, mmWave signal bands are susceptible to blockage from buildings and other structures, particularly in higher-density urban areas. Identifying the channel performance at a given frequency is indeed necessary to optimize communication efficiency between the transmitter and receiver. Therefore, this paper investigated the potential ability of mmWave path loss models, such as floating intercept (FI) and close-in (CI), based on real measurements gathered from urban microcell outdoor environments at 38 GHz conducted at the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Kuala Lumpur campus. The measurement data were obtained by using a narrow band mmWave channel sounder equipped with a steerable direction horn antenna. It investigated the potential of the network for outdoor scenarios of line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) with both schemes of co-(vertical-vertical) and cross (vertical-horizontal) polarization. The parameters were selected to reflect the performance and the variances with other schemes, such as average users cell throughput, throughput of users that are at cell-edges, fairness index, and spectral efficiency. The outcomes were examined for various antenna configurations as well as at different channel bandwidths to prove the enhancement of overall network performance. This work showed that the CI path loss model predicted greater network performance for the LOS condition, and also estimated significant outcomes for the NLOS environment. The outputs proved that the FI path loss model, particularly for V-V antenna polarization, gave system simulation results that were unsuitable for the NLOS scenario. IntroductionIn a 5G communication network, mobile operators are forced to use a high-frequency spectrum due to the limited amount of channel bandwidth. The 5G boosts the overall performance and enhances user experience offered by the present generation mobile technologies. Some of the most hyped features include higher data-rates, lower end-to-end delays, and minimal energy consumption [1]. In order to meet a common goal, several technologies need to be implemented in a fashion that allows the smooth operation of the overall network as a singular body. Nevertheless, vast technologies and communication...

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Investigation of Future 5G-IoT Millimeter-Wave Network Performance at 38 GHz for Urban Microcell Outdoor Environment

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“…Sudah banyak alokasi frekuensi yang ditawarkan menjadi frekuensi utama komunikasi 5G. Para peneliti telah memberikan beberapa usulan kandidat frekuensi yang dijadikan sebagai frekuensi utama pada 5G, yaitu 15 GHz (Tateishi, et al, 2017), 28 GHz dan 38 GHz (Qamar, Siddiqui, Dimyati, Noordin, & Majed, 2017). Salah satu kandidat frekuensi 5G yang telah banyak dilakukan penelitian, yaitu frekuensi 28 GHz.…”

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Desain Antena Mikrostrip Rectangular Patch Array 1x2 dengan U-Slot Frekuensi 28 GHz

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ABSTRAKKebutuhan pengguna yang semakin meningkat harus diimbangi dengan peningkatan kecepatan data dan kapasitas suatu jaringan, sehingga diperlukan bandwidth yang lebar. 5G merupakan salah satu teknologi yang akan diresmikan tahun 2020 yang menjadi solusi terhadap peningkatan kecepatan data dan kapasitas layanan. Salah satu kandidat yang menjadi frekuensi kerja 5G yaitu 28 GHz. Antena mikrostrip merupakan salah satu jenis antena yang dapat digunakan untuk teknologi 5G. Namun, antena mikrostrip memiliki beberapa kekurangan, diantaranya bandwidth dan gain yang kecil. Untuk itu, dibutuhkan teknik yang dapat meningkatkan bandwidth dan gain antena. Pada penelitian ini dirancang antena mikrostrip bentuk rectangular patch yang ditambahkan slot berbentuk U dengan tujuan meningkatkan bandwidth dan disusun secara array 1×2 untuk meningkatkan gain antena. Hasil dari simulasi didapatkan antena mampu bekerja pada rentang frekuensi 27,5 GHz – 29,12 GHz pada batas return loss kurang dari -15 dB dengan bandwidth sebesar 1,62 GHz. Nilai gain yang dihasilkan sebesar 7,52 dB. Pola radiasi yang dihasilkan, yaitu unidireksional dan berpolarisasi secara linear.Kata kunci: 5G, 28 GHz, mikrostrip, rectangular patch, array, U-Slot ABSTRACTData rate and network capacity improvements offset the increase of user needs, hence it requires a wider bandwidth. The most current high-end technology, which can solve the problem is 5G. One of the frequency that becomes the candidate of 5G is 28 GHz. For 5G, it could apply one of the antenna types, micro strip antenna. However, micro strip antenna has a shortage of narrow bandwidth and small gain. Therefore, it requires a technique to increase the bandwidth and gain of the antenna. In this study, the form of micro strip of antenna design is a rectangular patch with the addition of U-Slot and arranged 1x2 to increase the bandwidth and antenna gain. The results of the simulation show that the antenna is working well at the range frequency of 27.5 GHz - 29.12 GHz, with a return loss limit of -15 dB with bandwidth of 1.62 GHz, the resulting gain value is 7.52 dB, the resulting radiation pattern is unidirectional and linearly polarized.Keywords: 5G, 28 GHz, microstrip, rectangular patch, array, U-Slot

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“…In these studies, the largescale and small-scale parameters were characterized. In [41,42], measurements and simulation were conducted at the 28, 38, and 73 GHz frequency bands to characterize the propagation channel in CI and ABG path loss models and to evaluate and estimate some parameters.…”

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Channel Characterization and Path Loss Modeling in Indoor Environment at 4.5, 28, and 38 GHz for 5G Cellular Networks

Majed

Rahman

Aziz

et al. 2018

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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The current propagation models used for frequency bands less than 6 GHz are not appropriate and cannot be applied for path loss modeling and channel characteristics for frequency bands above 6 GHz millimeter wave (mmWave) bands, due to the difference of signal propagation characteristics between existing frequency bands and mmWave frequency bands. Thus, extensive studies on channel characterization and path loss modeling are required to develop a general and appropriate channel model that can be suitable for a wide range of mmWave frequency bands in its modeling parameter. This paper presents a study of well-known channel models for an indoor environment on the 4.5, 28, and 38 GHz frequency bands. A new path loss model is proposed for the 28 GHz and 38 GHz frequency bands. Measurements for the indoor line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios were taken every meter over a separation distance of 23 m between the TX and RX antenna locations to compare the well-known and the new large-scale generic path loss models. This measurement was conducted in a new wireless communication center WCC block P15a at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UTM Johor, Malaysia, and the results were analyzed based on the well-known and proposed path loss models for single-frequency and multifrequency models and for directional and omnidirectional path loss models. Results show that the large-scale path loss over distance could be modeled better with good accuracy by using the simple proposed model with one parameter path loss exponent PLE (n) that is physically based to the transmitter power, rather than using the well-known models that have no physical base to the transmitted power, more complications (require more parameters), and lack of anticipation when explaining model parameters.The PLE values for the LOS scenario were 0.92, 0.90, and 1.07 for the V-V, V-H, and V-Omni antenna polarizations, respectively, at the 28 GHz frequency and were 2.30, 2.24, and 2.40 for the V-V, V-H, and V-Omni antenna polarizations, respectively, at the 38 GHz frequency.

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Channel characterization of 28 and 38 GHz MM-wave frequency band spectrum for the future 5G network

Cited by 35 publications

References 32 publications

Investigation of Future 5G-IoT Millimeter-Wave Network Performance at 38 GHz for Urban Microcell Outdoor Environment

Investigation of Future 5G-IoT Millimeter-Wave Network Performance at 38 GHz for Urban Microcell Outdoor Environment

Desain Antena Mikrostrip Rectangular Patch Array 1x2 dengan U-Slot Frekuensi 28 GHz

Channel Characterization and Path Loss Modeling in Indoor Environment at 4.5, 28, and 38 GHz for 5G Cellular Networks

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