Illuminating light-emitting diodes (LEDs) enabled visible light communication (VLC) has attracted ever-increasing attention in recent years, due to the rapid development of solidstate lighting technology. The LEDs in general VLC systems play a dual role of providing simultaneous illumination and high-speed wireless data communication in typical indoor environments. Compared with traditional radio-frequency (RF) systems, VLC has many inherent advantages including license-free spectrum, high data rate, cost-effective frontends, high security, electromagnetic interference (EMI)-free operation, etc. By exploiting high-speed, bidirectional and fully networked VLC in indoor environments, light-fidelity (Li-Fi) can be realized which is envisioned as a promising complementary technology to the widely used wireless-fidelity (Wi-Fi). Nevertheless, the development and deployment of high-speed and large-coverage indoor VLC systems face many critical issues, such as the small 3-dB modulation bandwidth of commercially available off-the-shelf white LEDs, the limited coverage of each LED access point (i.e., optical attocell) due to the constraints of both illumination and communication, the inter-cell interference (ICI) in indoor multicell VLC systems, and the seamless integration of VLC with the last-mile optical access networks for hybrid wired and wireless indoor optical access. The main objectives of this