Channel Form, Flows and Sediments of Endogenous Ephemeral Rivers in Deserts

Reid, Ian; Frostick, Lynne E.

doi:10.1002/9780470710777.ch13

Cited by 54 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 108 publications

(131 reference statements)

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“…The occurrence of 136 flash floods is highly variable, both spatially and temporally, most occurring as the result of 137 localized intense storms (Graf, 1988;Reid and Frostick, 1992; Hooke and Mant, 2000 , 2007a,b; Holub and Fuchs, 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Building vulnerability to hydro-geomorphic hazards: Estimating damage probability from qualitative vulnerability assessment using logistic regression

Ettinger

Mounaud

Magill

et al. 2016

Journal of Hydrology

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38The focus of this study is an analysis of building vulnerability through investigating impacts 45This study assesses the aspects of building design and site specific environmental hazard proxy in areas where more detailed hydrodynamic modeling data is not available. 50Building design and site-specific environmental conditions determine the physical vulnerability. 51The mathematical approach considers both physical vulnerability and hazard related 52 parameters and helps to reduce uncertainty in the determination of descriptive parameters, 53parameter interdependency and respective contributions to damage. This study aims to (1) 54 enable the estimation of damage probability for a certain hazard intensity, and (2) obtain data 67show that 90% of these tests have a success rate of more than 67%. Probabilities (at building 882011; Thouret et al., 2013Thouret et al., , 2014, and apparent locally high vulnerability of buildings and 89 critical infrastructure in Arequipa, are major motivations for this study. 90Risk in the context of disaster risk management is commonly defined as a potential loss for a 91 given probability function (Crichton, 1999; Kaplan and Garrick, 1981). In the standard 92 conceptual framework, risk is the product of hazard, vulnerability and exposure (Cardona, 93 2004; Carreno et al., 2006). While the hazard is generally described by its severity, e.g. 94inundation height for a given return return period, exposure relates to the number and value of 95 elements potentially affected (Hiete and Merz, 2009). Many different definitions, concepts and 96 methods to systemize vulnerability exist in the current literature (Birkmann, 2006; Cutter, 2003; 97 Wisner et al., 2004; Thywissen, 2006; IPCC, 2007; Bründl et al., 2009). In this study we follow 98 the definition for physical vulnerability proposed by Glade (2003) and Villagran de Leon (2006) 99 as the predisposition of an element or system to be affected or susceptible to damage as the 100 result of the natural hazard's impact. Vulnerability assessment for hydro-geomorphic hazards conducted to study and record structural damage following a hazard event, these data are then 112 generally correlated to the process intensity, frequently derived from deposition height or 113 inundation height, in order to develop empirical fragility curves (Fuchs et al., 2007a,b; Holub 114 and Fuchs, 2008 133Flash floods are common in semi-arid areas, such as Arequipa, and can, despite their 134 infrequent nature, have a devastating effect in both geomorphological and human terms 135 (Gaume et al., 2009; Jonkman and Vrijling, 2008;Martínez Ibarra, 2012). The occurrence of 136 flash floods is highly variable, both spatially and temporally, most occurring as the result of 137 localized intense storms (Graf, 1988;Reid and Frostick, 1992; Hooke and Mant, 2000 , 2007a,b; Holub and Fuchs, 2008). 160Several recent studies (Martelli, 2011;Santoni, 2011; Ettinger et al., 2014a,b; Thouret et al., 161 2013 Thouret et al., 161 , 2014 192On 8...

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confidence: 99%

Building vulnerability to hydro-geomorphic hazards: Estimating damage probability from qualitative vulnerability assessment using logistic regression

Ettinger

Mounaud

Magill

et al. 2016

Journal of Hydrology

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“…Therefore, the processes, forms and changes of these rivers are increasingly a focus of scientific and applied research. Among this research, many have investigated the hydrological regimes, sediment dynamics and fluvial processes of these rivers (e.g., Leopold and Miller, 1956;Leopold et al, 1964;Graf, 1988;Laronne and Reid, 1993;Thornes, 1994;Knighton and Nanson, 1994, 2001Nanson, 1999, 2004;Tooth, 2000b;Alexandrov et al, 2003;Achite and Ouillon, 2007;Reid and Frostick, 2011;Powell et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

River network evolution and fluvial process responses to human activity in a hyper-arid environment – Case of the Tarim River in Northwest China

Disse

Huang

et al. 2016

CATENA

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The Tarim River, the longest dryland river in an extremely arid region of China, has undergone ever-increasing human impacts over recent centuries (particularly since the late 1950s during which time large-scale land reclamation in the basin has taken place). Historical literature/maps, gauged hydrological data and satellite images were analyzed to examine how the river network evolution in the basin and the fluvial morphology of the main stem of the Tarim River have responded to human influences. The results demonstrate that human activity (inhabitation, land reclamation and water resources development) in the basin have had significant impacts on the Tarim River, causing major changes in runoff and sediment transport, river network composition and river morphology (especially planform patterns). Gauged hydrological data from the past five decades presented an obvious reduction in runoff and sediment load in the Tarim River, even though the runoff from source tributaries exhibited a gentle increase. The annual occurrence of low flow events showed a significant increase, and the occurrence of moderate-high flow events followed a gentle decrease. The river network system has disintegrated from a historically '(quasi-) centripetal' system with nine tributaries into several isolated river systems, which have mainly developed since the 20th century. Currently, only four tributaries flow into the main stem river, which is dominated by braided channel patterns in the upper reaches and meandering (typically with distorted bends) patterns in the middle reaches. The braided reach was in aggradation and in high lateral mobility. The mean width and braiding intensity of the braided reach followed a gentle decrease mainly due to the reclamation of river flood plains to farmlands and embankments. The sinuosity index of the current Tarim River channel is distinctively lower than the indexes of the old channels that were abandoned decades or centuries ago, even though the sinuosity index of the meandering channel followed a gentle increase in recent decades due to the increased occurrence of low flow events. Human activity has changed the natural fluvial processes and morphology of the Tarim River and has reduced the diversity of the river network system.

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“…Transport formulae predict the theoretic transport capacity of the flow, which equals the transport rate absent of any general supply limitations (Bravo-Espinosa et al 2003). Typically, ephemeral channels in alluvial watersheds are assumed to be relatively sediment rich fluvial systems (Laronne et al 1994;Reid and Frostick 1997). Further, field observations during the study period never found any well established signs of sediment depletion (e.g., exposed bed rock, incision, scour).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Coarse Sediment Transport from Patchy Beds in Ephemeral Channels

Yuill¹

2012

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Seven 1-D sediment transport formulae are employed to predict coarse sediment transport in a low-order, ephemeral channel with patchy bed material. Sediment transport is modeled through two different methods to characterize the sediment supply: by using a channel-averaged grain-size distribution (GSD) and by using the mean GSDs from the relatively coarse and fine textured patches that compose the channel bed.Modeling results show that the two different characterizations of the sediment supply produce significantly different values of predicted coarse sediment yield. The relative differences in the predicted yield values are dependent on the assumptions of each formula, including how the sediment supply is parameterized within the model. Modeled sediment yield values are contrasted to observed values for seven flashflood-type runoff events. The formulae accuracies typically are comparable to past analyses in fluvial systems more reminiscent of the hydraulic environments in which the models were derived (perennial flow, gravel-bed material).Study results reaffirm that the method by which sediment supply is characterized significantly impacts the performance of sediment transport formulae and that a single GSD might not adequately describe the sediment supply originating from patchy beds.

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Channel Form, Flows and Sediments of Endogenous Ephemeral Rivers in Deserts

Cited by 54 publications

References 108 publications

Building vulnerability to hydro-geomorphic hazards: Estimating damage probability from qualitative vulnerability assessment using logistic regression

Building vulnerability to hydro-geomorphic hazards: Estimating damage probability from qualitative vulnerability assessment using logistic regression

River network evolution and fluvial process responses to human activity in a hyper-arid environment – Case of the Tarim River in Northwest China

Predicting Coarse Sediment Transport from Patchy Beds in Ephemeral Channels

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