Channel modeling for underwater optical communication

Gabriel, Chadi; Khalighi, Mohammad-Ali; Bourennane, Salah; Léon, Pierre; Rigaud, V.

doi:10.1109/glocomw.2011.6162571

Cited by 132 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…They considered both light source power and detector sensitivity, as well as extinction through the water [11]. Gabriel et al proposed a model for simulating channel impulse response [12]. They used Monte Carlo simulations of their model to show that channel time dispersion is negligible in most practical cases, even for data rates of 1 Gb/s over a distance of 50 m with water turbidity equivalent to 7.5 e-folding lengths over 50 m. To our knowledge, no experimental validation of these results has been attempted, so far.…”

Section: Introduction and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

An End-to-End Signal Strength Model for Underwater Optical Communications

Doniec

Angermann²,

Rus

2013

IEEE J. Oceanic Eng.

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In this paper, we present a generic model of signal strength in underwater optical communications. The model includes light sources, detectors, amplifier and detector circuitry, optics, as well as a simple extinction model of the water channel. The end-to-end model provides insights into optimization approaches for underwater optical modems and enables relative pose estimation between underwater optical transmitters and receivers. We instantiate our model to the AquaOptical model by determining its parameters and verifying the model prediction in a suite of pool experiments.Index Terms-Channel models, modeling, modem architecture, simulation and validation of point-to-point communications, software-defined modems, underwater optical communications.

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Section: Introduction and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

An End-to-End Signal Strength Model for Underwater Optical Communications

Doniec

Angermann²,

Rus

2013

IEEE J. Oceanic Eng.

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“…where β(θ) is the volume scattering function (VSF) [9]. By normalizing the VSF by scattering coefficient [10], the scattering phase function (SPF) is described as p(θ) = β(θ)/b.…”

Section: System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

On stochastic model for underwater wireless optical links

Zhang

Dong

Zhang

2014

2014 IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC)

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Light beam suffers attenuation due to absorbtion and multiple scattering when propagating through underwater environment especially in turbid water. The spatial and temporal distribution of photons after propagation can quantify this channel attenuation and therefore is a key issue for underwater wireless optical communications (UWOC). Typically, the spatial distribution of photons consists two key factors which are the moving distance and scattering angle for each photon before and after interacting with a particle, respectively. In this paper, we present a stochastic model for UWOC links by adopting the Henyey-Greenstein (HG) function as probability density function (PDF) of scattering angle and deriving the PDF of step distance for each photon. The proposed stochastic model can be used to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of photons, which fits well with Monte Carlo simulation result in turbid seawater such as coastal water.

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“…The Beer Lambert's law, widely utilized to approximate light intensity, is an exponential decaying function of path length l m and neglects the multiple scattering effect [5] I…”

Section: Channel Modeling Based On Monte Carlo Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical propagation modelling using Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE)

Muhammad

Malik

Kandus

2014

2014 16th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)

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Optical propagation characterization has been studied using the Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE) and RTE has been established as an accurate method for calculating optical attenuation of light propagating through inhomogeneous media. The RTE accounts for both the absorption and multiple scattering effects of light propagating through the atmosphere. The RTEs can be solved using numerical methods and are thus mathematically less challenging than the Maxwell equations which need analytical solutions. In this paper, the solution of RTE particularly through the realistic inhomogeneous cloud layers has been specifically addressed. The Monte Carlo approach has been applied to simulate photon trajectories propagating through the cloud layers from the optical transmitter to the receiver end. The wavelength dependence of optical attenuation through clouds has been studied in depth. The radiative transfer theory can be applied to explain the intensity fluctuations through the multiple scattering media. Results are being provided for the extinction (scattering and absorption) of photons through their interaction with water droplets in the cloud layers at laser wavelengths of 2 µm and 10 µm. The results on these specific wavelengths shall help the choice of lasers for optical links through the clouds. INTRODUCTIONOptical wave propagation modelling has gained significance due to recent interest in Free Space Optical (FSO) communication systems. Deterministic and analytical channel models for studying propagation in random media are ray tracing and solution of Maxwell's equation. Another more viable approach in order to have an accurate estimate of the propagation channel is Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE). Radiative transfer theory accurately models optical wave propagation through randomly placed scatterers composed of media including turbid atmosphere, inhomogeneous clouds, fog and rain [1]. Based on a phenomenological description of energy transfer, the RTE simply states the conservation of energy in terms of the transfer of specific intensity I (x, Ω) i.e., the power per unit area and per unit solid angle Ω propagating along x and relaxes the rigorous mathematics involved in Maxwell's Equation.The development of the theory is heuristic i.e., the amount of electromagnetic energy that enters a volume is equal to amount of energy that leaves the volume per unit time and does not entail any information about the phase of the wave. Chandrasekhar first studied the RTE within the context of astrophysics [2]. Later, several recent works have successfully employed the same formulation for many other applications, such as propagation modelling in the underwater communication [3], heat transfer through materials, neutron scattering and absorption within biological tissues.Research and experiments have been focussed on which wavelength presents less extinction during propagation through fog and clouds. When selecting a transmission wavelength for communication, it is critically important for the designers to understand the attenua...

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Channel modeling for underwater optical communication

Cited by 132 publications

References 16 publications

An End-to-End Signal Strength Model for Underwater Optical Communications

An End-to-End Signal Strength Model for Underwater Optical Communications

On stochastic model for underwater wireless optical links

Optical propagation modelling using Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE)

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