Chaoite, a New Allotropic Form of Carbon, Produced by Shock Compression

Enhancing the Thermotolerance of Entomopathogenic Isaria fumosorosea SFP-198 Conidial Powder by Controlling the Moisture Content Using Drying and Adjuvants

“…White carbon, commonly referred to as chaoite is the best moisture absorbent for achieving conidial thermotolerance. White carbon occurs in shock-metamorphosed graphite gneisses and ureilite meteorites [ 29 ], is dark gray in color, and formed as lamellae (thin laminae producing a lamellar structure) with hardness between talc and gypsum. White carbon has a high ability to absorb liquid materials, which makes it a beneficial ingredient in pesticide formulations to constitute liquid active ingredients into a powder form.…”

Carbyne Forms of Carbon: Do They Exist?

“…In all cases the diffraction observations can be explained by the presence of minor quantities of sheet silicates, together with quartz in the case of the x-ray diffraction study of chaoite (3). It may appear surprising that a contaminant phase could have been misidentified as carbyne; however, it should be noted that in many of the reported electron diffraction studies (1,2,9,18) crystalline carbyne grains appear to be a minor constituent of the whole sample. Also, up to 2.5 percent silicon by weight was found as an impurity in the carbyne sample described by Whittaker and Kintner (5).…”

Dynamic Pressure Synthesis of Carbynes

“…Additional evidence of the formation of carbyne-like structures was obtained in shock-compression experiments in a "mousetrap" type explosive plane-wave generator [3] similar to one shown in Fig. 4.…”

“…[1]. Thereafter, several carbyne forms have been shock-synthesized from carbon materials using different shock wave methods [2][3][4][5]. In nature, carbyne which seems to have been formed by dynamic compression was discovered in shockfused graphitic gneisses [6] and in carbonaceous meteorites [7][8][9].…”