Chaos and pulse packages in current-modulated VCSELs

Abstract

We numerically study the dynamics of vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) based on the current-dependent gain model subjected to current modulation. For a few hundred MHz frequency of injection current, the threshold current is reduced and polarization switching is accompanied by an anti-phase dynamics of polarization modes. Pulse packages are found and compared with those found in the literature. The behaviour of pulse packages is studied in terms of the modulation parameters. For a few GHz frequency of injection current, the dynamics of VCSELs presents chaotic behaviour.

Direct modulation of semiconductor ring lasers: numerical and asymptotic analysis

“…5 and analyzed in Fig. 8 is purely due to the bistable character of the SRL and the typical semiconductor lasers timescales as relaxation oscillations are not involved in the onset of chaos, in contrast to other current modulated semiconductors lasers [31,[32][33][37][38][39][40][41][42][43].…”

“…In particular, the study of the dynamical properties of semiconductor lasers subject to current modulation has received a lot of attention. Depending on the modulation parameters and the internal laser parameters, the laser may exhibit ultrafast sharp pulses in the emitted power, but also complex time-dependent dynamics such as period doubling and chaotic pulsating behavior have been observed [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. The majority of works on the directly modulated semiconductor lasers have been performed on conventional edge-emitting lasers [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] and vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [39][40][41][42][43].…”

Dynamics of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers under AM and FM current modulations

“…These lasers are generally of very small sizes and as such can be integrated into devices of micro and nanotechnologies [1][2][3][4]. Among semiconductor lasers the Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) present several advantages, namely, low cost, long life, small volume, ultralow energy consumption, hightemperature stability, easily manufactured in two and three-dimensional arrays, and emission of coherent circular beams which facilitates their coupling with optical fibers [5][6][7]. Besides, ultrafast polarization oscillations were recovered in highly birefringent spin-VCSELs extending their modulation bandwidth [7,8].…”

“…It was demonstrated that Low frequency chaotic optical signals can be recorded only when the laser converts the chaotic behavior of the self-sustained oscillators into chaotic light [21,27]. Such studies found several applications among which telecommunication is the most widely spread [5,[12][13][14][15][16][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Indeed, in telecommunication, SLs are used for high-bit-speed optical communication systems where they send signals for thousands of kilometers along optical fibers.…”

Edge-emitting semiconductor laser driven by a van der Pol oscillator: analytical and numerical analysis

“…This opens a great possibility for the development of large-capacity information transmission and ultra-fast optical processing systems (Liu and Ngai 1993;Hori et al 1988). Depending on the modulation parameters and the internal laser parameters, the laser may exhibit ultrafast sharp pulses in the emitted power, but also complex time-dependent dynamics such as period-doubling and chaotic pulsating behavior have been observed at higher frequency of modulation (in the range of GHz) (Lee et al 1985;Hori et al 1988;Liu and Ngai 1993;Chembo and Woafo 2003;Sciamanna et al 2003;Valle et al 2007;Talla Mbé et al 2010;Kingni et al 2012a,b). However, the high frequencies of modulation required to generate chaotic behaviors are not always easy to obtain because a high frequency generator is expensive.…”