Chaos in semiconductor lasers with optical feedback: theory and experiment

Mørk, Jesper; Tromborg, B.; Mark, J.

doi:10.1109/3.119502

Cited by 546 publications

(284 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…This was not seen by Agrawal and Gray [7] due to the above-mentioned lowest order expansion of the exponential. On the other hand, it is similar to what was found by Ritter and Haug [9] and Mørk [15] for a laser with COF, although they found higher stability tongues at integral values of . This behavior for the PCF from an instantaneous mirror has also been discussed by Murakami and Ohtsubo [16].…”

Section: A Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

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Stability and noise properties of diode lasers with phase-conjugate feedback

Graaf

Pesquera

Lenstra

2001

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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Section: A Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…This yields (15) Here, is the Fourier transform of , and that of the vector containing the Langevin noise. From (15), one finds how spontaneous emission affects the power and phase (16) (17) where is the determinant of .…”

Section: Noise Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability and noise properties of diode lasers with phase-conjugate feedback

Graaf

Pesquera

Lenstra

2001

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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“…Changing the feedback strength (or the pump strength) can give rise to excited relaxation oscillations, bringing the system into coherence collapse [6,9,10]. The reported routes to chaos in the coherence collapse [7,8] are governed by the interplay between the compound cavity modes and their excited relaxation oscillations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Semiconductor lasers show a sudden increase in their spectral linewidth from about 100 MHz to typically several tens of GHz for delay times not much smaller than the relaxation oscillation period and for moderate feedback levels. This phenomenon has been called coherence collapse [6], and has attracted a lot of research (e.g., [7][8][9][10][11]). …”

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confidence: 99%

Fast Pulsing and Chaotic Itinerancy with a Drift in the Coherence Collapse of Semiconductor Lasers

et al. 1996

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We report the first experimental observation of irregular picosecond light pulses within the coherence collapse of a semiconductor laser subject to delayed moderate optical feedback. This pulsing behavior agrees with the recent explanation of low frequency fluctuations as chaotic itinerancy with a drift. Theory and experiments show very good agreement. PACS numbers: 42.65.Sf, 05.45.+b, 42.55.Px Delayed feedback-induced instabilities have been studied since the late 1970s in various dynamical systems. Besides these very early interests they are nowadays of particular interest because of their intrinsic high dimensionality and, related to that, their rich variety of dynamical phenomena [1]. Optical systems have played an important role for these investigations, and have boosted the interest in high-dimensional nonlinear dynamics [2][3][4].A very popular delay system is the semiconductor laser subject to external optical feedback, because of its high sensitivity to external signals [5]. Semiconductor lasers show a sudden increase in their spectral linewidth from about 100 MHz to typically several tens of GHz for delay times not much smaller than the relaxation oscillation period and for moderate feedback levels. This phenomenon has been called coherence collapse [6], and has attracted a lot of research (e.g., [7-11]).One dynamical phenomenon within the coherence collapse regime frequently attributed to is the so-called low frequency fluctuations phenomenon (LFF). It refers to fluctuations in the emitted light intensity with distinctly lower frequencies in comparison to the underlying relaxation oscillation frequencies and mode beating frequencies [12 -14]. Recently, LFF has been explained as chaotic itinerancy with a drift [15]. This theory predicts erratic picosecond pulsing of the output power. In this paper we give experimental evidence confirming these predictions. We do this by comparing measured intensity pulses with pulse trains obtained by numerical modeling. The very good agreement supports the recent identification of the essential physical mechanism leading to the LFF behavior.The dynamics of a single-mode semiconductor laser subject to moderate amounts of optical feedback from an external reflection is modeled by the following delaydifferential rate equations [5]:Here we have written the complex optical field as E ͑t͒ E͑t͒ exp͑iv 0 t͒ p P͑t͒ exp͑iv 0 t͒, where v 0 is the optical angular frequency of the stand-alone (solitary) laser, P͑t͒ is the photon number, and n͑t͒ is the excess number of electron-hole pairs with respect to the solitary value N 0 . The parameters in (1a) and (1b) have their usual meaning: j is the bulk differential gain, e accounts for gain saturation, a is the linewidth enhancement factor, G 0 is the inverse photon lifetime, pJ th is the electrical pump current (J th is its value at threshold), and T 1 is the electron-hole pair lifetime. The feedback is accounted for via the delay time t and the feedback rate g. The dimensionless effective feedback strength is defined as C ϵ gt p...

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“…It has been observed that even a small amount of OFB can affect the laser behavior [1]- [8]. Although the OFB may cause strong instabilities in the laser operation in forms of chaos [8], coherence collapse [3], and bistability [9], [10], it has been used for linewidth narrowing [11], [12], mode stabilization [13], and reduction of modulation-induced frequency chirp [14]. Therefore, operation of semiconductor lasers under OFB has been the subject of many theoretical investigations [15]- [18].…”

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confidence: 99%

An improved analysis of semiconductor laser dynamics under strong optical feedback

Abdulrhmann

Ahmed

Okamoto³

et al. 2003

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

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Abstract-We present an improved theoretical model to analyze dynamics and operation of semiconductor lasers under optical feedback (OFB). The model is applicable for arbitrary strength of OFB ranging from weak to very strong. The model has been applied to investigate the dynamics and operation of lasers over wide ranges of OFB and injection current. An improved set of modified rate equations of lasers operating under OFB were proposed. We introduced a theoretical model to determine the power emitted from both the laser back facet and external reflector. The results showed that the operation of semiconductor lasers is classified into continuous wave, chaotic, and pulsing operations, depending on the operating conditions. The light versus current characteristics were examined in the operating regions of the classified operations. Under strong OFB, we predicted for the first time pulsing operation of lasers at injection currents well above the threshold. We observed the pulsing operation in experiments in good correspondence with the simulated results.

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Chaos in semiconductor lasers with optical feedback: theory and experiment

Cited by 546 publications

References 50 publications

Stability and noise properties of diode lasers with phase-conjugate feedback

Stability and noise properties of diode lasers with phase-conjugate feedback

Fast Pulsing and Chaotic Itinerancy with a Drift in the Coherence Collapse of Semiconductor Lasers

An improved analysis of semiconductor laser dynamics under strong optical feedback

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