Chapter 1 Bacterial L‐Forms

Allan, Eunice J.; Hoischen, Christian; Gumpert, J.

doi:10.1016/s0065-2164(09)01201-5

Cited by 126 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Our previous research showed that S. aureus L-form can hardly be induced in liquid medium (data not shown), but it can be induced in soft agar. This was same as reported previously (25). However, the L-form colonies in soft agar exhibit embedded growth and L-form cells to be scraped difficultly from the colonies, resulting in difficulties in preparing bacterial suspensions, as well as determining the final amount of bacteria in the suspension.…”

Section: Fluorescence Reporter In S Aureus Was Conducive To L-form Psupporting

confidence: 83%

Fluorescence Reporter in Staphylococcus aureus as a Useful Tool for Studying L-forms and Virulence

Wang

Sun

et al. 2017

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a prominent pathogen responsible for human pyogenic and nosocomial infections. Although numerous studies on S. aureus Lforms and virulence are available in the literatures, there are still various impediments in the research methods employed. Objectives: This study aimed to perform fluorescence reporter in studying S. aureus L-form and its virulence, and wild strain virulence. Methods: Newman-pCM29 strain which can express green fluorescent protein (GFP) was constructed and used to detect S. aureus L-form formation and virulence in vitro and in vivo. Results: "Fried egg" like L-form colonies of GFP reporter S. aureus and the dense core of the colonies embedded into soft agar can be observed obviously. GFP reporter can contribute to preparing L-form suspension for injection and track the protoplasts and reverted cells in lesions of mice. GFP reporter, also, can help to detect S. aureus wild strain distribution and inflammation scope in lesions, and the fluorescence intensity can be used as an effective surrogate to represent the bacterial quantity in lesions. Fluorescence can improve to distinguish the colonies of varying sizes derived from the injected bacteria or from contaminants. Conclusions: Fluorescence reporter in S. aureus is a powerful tool which can provide new insight into S. aureus L-form formation in vitro and its fate in vivo, and wild strain virulence in vivo in a non-traditional manner.

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Section: Fluorescence Reporter In S Aureus Was Conducive To L-form Psupporting

confidence: 83%

Fluorescence Reporter in Staphylococcus aureus as a Useful Tool for Studying L-forms and Virulence

Wang

Sun

et al. 2017

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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“…On other hand, it is supposed that the smallest and most resistant to environmental stresses filterable L-granules, containing DNA may exert nuclear functions (Klieneberger-Nobel, 1951). Moreover, chromosomal DNA, especially within L-symplasm, should be regarded as a substantial mass of the nucleoid body, which can dynamically interact with other components (Allan et al, 2009). This problematic question is still under discussion and yet, no matter how small and at first glance, enucleated, some of these Lforms will revert back to virulent mycobacteria.…”

Section: Modes Of Reproduction and Morphogenesis Of L-cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a lot of papers, reviews (Allan et al, 2009;Beran et al, 2006;Domingue and Woody, 1997;Domingue, 2010;Gumpert & Taubeneck, 1983;Onwuamaegbu et al, 2005;Zhang, 2004) and several monographs (Domingue, 1982;Mattman, 2001;Prozorovski et al, 1981), support the concept that L-forms can be induced in vivo, can persist there for a significant span of time and can be the cause for latent, chronic and relapsing/recurrent infections, as well as for diseases of unknown infectious-allergic or autoimmune origin.…”

Section: Clinical Significance and Role Of Mycobacterial L-formsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Wall Deficiency in Mycobacteria: Latency and Persistence

Маркова¹

2012

Understanding Tuberculosis - Deciphering the Secret Life of the Bacilli

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“…However, this ancestor had probably no stabilizing protein-based cell wall. In the second theory, primitive cell division would proceed through a lipid biosynthesis route (Murtas 2010), in analogy to a mechanism recently observed in wall-less forms of bacteria, called L forms (Leaver et al 2009;Allan et al 2009). These L form cells are known to bypass the canonical FtsZ-centered division system and to proliferate by increased fatty acid synthesis, which leads to spontaneous cell shape deformation and scission into smaller progeny cells (Fig.…”

Section: Division Mechanisms In Early Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward the assembly of a minimal divisome

2014

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The construction of an irreducible minimal cell having all essential attributes of a living system is one of the biggest challenges facing synthetic biology. One ubiquitous task accomplished by any living systems is the division of the cell envelope. Hence, the assembly of an elementary, albeit sufficient, molecular machinery that supports compartment division, is a crucial step towards the realization of self-reproducing artificial cells. Looking backward to the molecular nature of possible ancestral, supposedly more rudimentary, cell division systems may help to identify a minimal divisome. In light of a possible evolutionary pathway of division mechanisms from simple lipid vesicles toward modern life, we define two approaches for recapitulating division in primitive cells: the membrane deforming protein route and the lipid biosynthesis route. Having identified possible proteins and working mechanisms participating in membrane shape alteration, we then discuss how they could be integrated into the construction framework of a programmable minimal cell relying on gene expression inside liposomes. The protein synthesis using recombinant elements (PURE) system, a reconstituted minimal gene expression system, is conceivably the most versatile synthesis platform. As a first step towards the de novo synthesis of a divisome, we showed that the N-BAR domain protein produced from its gene could assemble onto the outer surface of liposomes and sculpt the membrane into tubular structures. We finally discuss the remaining challenges for building up a self-reproducing minimal cell, in particular the coupling of the division machinery with volume expansion and genome replication.

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Chapter 1 Bacterial L‐Forms

Cited by 126 publications

References 111 publications

Fluorescence Reporter in Staphylococcus aureus as a Useful Tool for Studying L-forms and Virulence

Fluorescence Reporter in Staphylococcus aureus as a Useful Tool for Studying L-forms and Virulence

Cell Wall Deficiency in Mycobacteria: Latency and Persistence

Toward the assembly of a minimal divisome

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