Chapter 1: HPV in the etiology of human cancer

Muñóz, Núbia; Castellsagué, Xavier; González, Amy Berrington de; Gissmann, Lutz

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.05.115

Cited by 1,088 publications

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“…m 5 number of subjects in the respective category; n 5 number of subjects with nonmissing data (serology, PCR, or both) at day 1 for HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18. 1 Positive (negative) by serology is defined as an anti-HPV cLIA titer (<) the serostatus cutoff of 20, 16, 20, or 24, respectively, for HPV 6, 11, 16, or 18.- 2 Positive by PCR to a given HPV type is defined as having a positive PCR result for the respective HPV type at day 1 on at least 1 required swab or (if obtained) biopsy sample. Negative by PCR to a given HPV type is defined as having negative PCR results for the respective HPV type at day 1 on all required swabs and (if obtained) biopsy samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, 18) L1 virus‐like‐particle vaccine in Latin American women

Pérez¹,

Lazcano‐Ponce

Hernández-Ávila

et al. 2007

Intl Journal of Cancer

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The prevalence of HPV infection in Latin America is among the highest in the world. A quadrivalent (types 6/11/16/18) human papillomavirus L1 virus-like-particle vaccine has been shown to be 95-100% effective in preventing HPV 6/11/16/18-related cervical and genital disease in women na€ ıve to vaccine HPV types. A total of 6,004 female subjects aged 9-24 were recruited from Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala and Peru. Subjects were randomized to immunization with intramuscular (deltoid) injections of HPV vaccine or placebo at enrollment (day 1), month 2 and month 6. Among vaccinated subjects in the per-protocol population from Latin America, quadrivalent HPV vaccine was 92.8 and 100% effective in preventing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and external genital lesions related to vaccine HPV types, respectively. These data support vaccination of adolescents and young adults in the region, which is expected to greatly reduce the burden of cervical and genital cancers, precancers and genital warts. ' 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: HPV; cervical cancer; vaccine Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is considered to be an obligate step in the development of cervical cancer. 1 Human papillomavirus DNA has been isolated from more than 99% of all cases of cervical cancer. 1 Of the 200 distinct HPV genotypes that have been identified to date, 40 are known to be associated with genital infection, and about 30 types have been isolated from women with cervical cancer. 2 High-risk HPV types include HPV 16 and 18, and it is these types which are responsible for the majority of cervical cancers. 2 HPV types 6 and 11 can lead to anogenital condylomata acuminata (genital warts) 3 ; a potentially significant medical problem.The incidence of cervical cancer in the Latin American region is among the highest in the world 4 (33.5 cases per 100,000); even higher than other developing regions and countries such as subSaharan Africa (31.0 cases per 100,000) and South central and Southeast Asia (18.3 cases per 100,000). 5 The highest incidence rates are observed in Haiti (87 per 100,000), Bolivia (55 per 100,000), Peru (48 per 100,000) and Nicaragua (47 per 100,000), and the lowest rates are reported from Argentina (23 per 100,000) and Uruguay (19 per 100,000). 6 Each year near 493,000 new cases of invasive cancer of the uterine cervix are diagnosed; 83% of which ( 409,000 cases) occur in developing countries and 18% ( 86,000 cases) specifically in Latin America (Central America, South America and the Caribbean). 7 Acquisition of HPV infection starts with the onset of sexual activity and can be as high as 42.5% after 4 years of follow-up as was observed in a cohort of Colombian women between 15 and 19 years of age. 8 The prevalence of HPV infection in women with normal cervical cytology in Latin America has been reported to range from 14.5 to 16.6%. Literature suggests a prevalence of HPV of 14.5% in Morelos, Mexico, 9 14.8% in Bogota, Colombia, 10 14.0% in Santiago, Chile, 11 16.6% in Concordia, Argentina 12 and 14%...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, 18) L1 virus‐like‐particle vaccine in Latin American women

Pérez¹,

Lazcano‐Ponce

Hernández-Ávila

et al. 2007

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…The late genes (L1 and L2) and early genes (E6, E7, E1, E2, E4 and E5) that are expressed in more than 100 different HPV genotypes have been identified based on DNA sequence variations. They are classified according to various criteria such as their tissue tropism, potential of oncogenic and phylogenetic relationship using molecular biology techniques (Szostek et al, 2008).Human Papillomavirus (HPV) plays a very important role in cervical cancer and 99.7% of HPV DNA identified in invasive cervical carcinomas (Walboomers et al, 1999;Munoz et al, 2006). The prevalence of HPV infection varies substantially among countries and according to lifestyle, age, food and nutrition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus in Women from Saudi Arabia

Turki¹,

Sait²,

Anfinan³

et al. 2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main causes of cervical cancer in women worldwide. The goal of the present study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of HPV genotypes in women from Saudi Arabia. Recently, several HPV detection methods have been developed, each with different sensitivities and specificities. Methods: In this study, total forty cervical samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction and hybridization to BioFilmChip microarray assessment. Results: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections were found in 43% of the specimens. The most prevalent genotypes were HPV 16 (30%) HPV 18 (8.0%) followed by type HPV 45, occurring at 5.0%. Conclusion: Our finding showed the HPV infection and prevalence is increasing at alarming rate in women of Saudi Arabia. There was no low risk infection detected in the tested samples. The BioFilmChip microarray detection system is highly accurate and suitable for detection of single and multiple infections, allowing rapid detection with less time-consumption and easier performance as compared with other methods.

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“…19 Routine provision of Pap testing has resulted in a significant drop in cervical cancer mortality over the past 50 years, and in the last 20 years, the putative cause of cervical cancer, the human papillomavirus (HPV), was discovered. 20 In June 2006, a vaccine has been licensed that is 100% efficacious against two strains of HPV, 16 and 18, that are found in 70% of cervical cancer cases. 21 The excitement over the release of the vaccine and continued emphasis and clarification on Pap testing recommendations have led to the development and dissemination of a plethora of publications including newspaper and magazine articles, health education brochures, and revised insurance and health system forms.…”

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confidence: 99%

Health Literacy Demands of Written Health Information Materials: An Assessment of Cervical Cancer Prevention Materials

et al. 2009

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(DH, CH, NO); and the Behavior Change Research Group, Population Sciences and Cancer Control Program (DH, JC) at the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Submitted August 14, 2007; accepted February 26, 2008. Address correspondence to Deborah Helitzer, ScD, Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, MSC 09-5040, Albuquerque, NM 87131. E-mail: helitzer@salud.unm pitalization have been documented. [1][2][3] Evidence demonstrates that patients with lower health literacy incur higher health care costs, 1,4 and health literacy has been linked to lower use of preventive services such as Pap tests, mammograms, and dental care. 5,6 The Institute of Medicine and Healthy People 2010 define health literacy as the "degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions." 7 Functional health literacy requires complex, multidimensional skills, including reading, writing, listening, numeric literacy, oral and visual communication, and decision-making abilities. It also calls for an understanding of health topics (such as cervical cancer) and the ability to navigate health systems. 8,9 Written health education materials and forms, which the health system IntroductionResearch continues to reveal the association between literacy and health. Literacy is defined as "using printed and written information to function in society, to achieve one's goals, and to develop one's knowledge and potential." 1 Relationships between literacy levels and heart disease, physical health, and rates of hos- most often relies on to convey information and treatment procedures, place certain "demands" on their users or readers. These demands compel health consumers to use their functional health literacy skills to read (at different levels), interpret, comprehend, analyze, and apply the information they gain from these written materials. These demands may be substantial if materials are written at a high reading level, if text and format are too dense, or if concepts are ambiguous and nonmotivating.Thus, health literacy is not a one-sided issue, limited to the capacity or capabilities of the patient/client. Indeed, the health system itself places complex demands on health consumers. These demands include requiring people to self-manage their health care, read difficult texts, and understand their health rights, as well as obliging them to find their way (navigate) in confusing clinic/hospital settings with technical medical signs or without conveniently placed or easy to read maps. 10 National Literacy AssessmentsIn 2003, the National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL) was conducted in the United States with more than 19,000 adults. The NAAL included a separate literacy component intended to measure adults' ability to use literacy skills to read and understand health-related information. The results indicated that most (53%) adults had intermediate health literacy, and 12% scored in the proficient range. The...

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Chapter 1: HPV in the etiology of human cancer

Cited by 1,088 publications

References 31 publications

Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, 18) L1 virus‐like‐particle vaccine in Latin American women

Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, 18) L1 virus‐like‐particle vaccine in Latin American women

Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus in Women from Saudi Arabia

Health Literacy Demands of Written Health Information Materials: An Assessment of Cervical Cancer Prevention Materials

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