Chapter 11 Bioturbation and Biogenic Sedimentary Structures in Contourites

Wetzel, Andreas; Werner, Friedrich; Stow, Dorrik

doi:10.1016/s0070-4571(08)10011-5

Cited by 63 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…High current velocity removes sediment and organic matter (Wetzel, Werner, & Stow, ) which could cause a high load of suspended material providing good feeding conditions for suspension feeders whereas deposit‐feeders dominate at lower flow velocities (Flach, Lavaleye, de Stiger, & Thomsen, ). Although high current velocities can also remove epifauna (Wetzel et al, ), areas dominated by suspension feeders can locally change flow velocities and cause resuspension and passive biodeposition of particles (Flach et al, ). Areas of high current velocities in our study were dominated by astrophorid sponges (Knudby, Kenchington, & Murillo, ) and the main deposit‐feeders found were ophiuroids that could be taking advantage of a passive biodeposition added to the detritus provided by the sponges (De Goeij et al, ; Witte, Brattegard, Graf, & Springer, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine epibenthic functional diversity on Flemish Cap (north‐west Atlantic)—Identifying trait responses to the environment and mapping ecosystem functions

Murillo

Weigel

Marmen

et al. 2020

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim To characterize the functional diversity and selected ecological functions of marine epibenthic invertebrate communities at the ecosystem scale and to evaluate the relative contributions of environmental filtering, including bottom‐contact fishing, and competitive interactions to benthic community assembly. Location Flemish Cap, an ecosystem production unit and fishing bank in the high seas of the north‐west Atlantic Ocean. Methods Through the use of Hierarchical Modelling of Species Communities (HMSC), we have explored seven community response traits to the environment applied to 105 epibenthic species and evaluated the influence of such traits on the community assembly processes. Assumed bioturbation, nutrient cycling and habitat provision functions, linked to individual or a combination of biological traits, were mapped using random forest modelling. Results Functional richness within benthic communities reached an asymptote for trawl sets with roughly more than 30 species. Assemblages on top of the Flemish Cap (<500 m depth) were characterized by higher biomass of small‐ and medium‐sized species with short life spans, whereas large species with longer life spans and broadcast spawners were dominant in the deeper assemblages (500–1,500 m depth). The amount of variation explained by the species’ responses to the covariates mediated by the traits was relatively high (25%) indicating their relevance to community assembly. Community‐weighted mean trait values changed with depth and physical oceanographic variables, indicating that environmental filtering was occurring. Interspecific interactions, as inferred from the random effect at the sample level, accounted for 16.3% of the variance in the model, while fishing effort explained only 5.2% of the variance but conferred strong negative impacts for most species. Main conclusions Our results suggest that while bottom‐contact fishing impacts have an effect on functional diversity, changes to the physical oceanography of the system are likely to have more profound impacts. The maps of benthic functioning can aid assessments of ecosystem impacts of fishing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine epibenthic functional diversity on Flemish Cap (north‐west Atlantic)—Identifying trait responses to the environment and mapping ecosystem functions

Murillo

Weigel

Marmen

et al. 2020

Diversity and Distributions

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show abstract

“…Wetzel, 2008). Furthermore, the occurrence of Scolicia, traces left by irregular sea urchins, sometimes shows correspondence to coarsergrained intervals.…”

Section: Sedimentary Records Documenting Current Control Of Changing mentioning

confidence: 95%

Oceanic density fronts steering bottom-current induced sedimentation deduced from a 50 ka contourite-drift record and numerical modeling (off NW Spain)

Hanebuth

Zhang

Hofmann

et al. 2015

Quaternary Science Reviews

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“…One important feature of contourite and associated deposits is bioturbation (e.g., Lovell and Stow, 1981;Chough and Hesse, 1985;Stow et al, 1998;Wetzel et al, 2008), although its preservation depends on the intensity of bottom currents (Tucholke et al, 1985;Gerino, 1990). As indicated by Wetzel et al (2008), ichnological information from deep-sea environments can help to characterize sandy and muddy contourite facies and distinguish them from associated turbidite and hemipelagite facies.…”

Section: Ichnological Information Contourites and Associated Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As indicated by Wetzel et al (2008), ichnological information from deep-sea environments can help to characterize sandy and muddy contourite facies and distinguish them from associated turbidite and hemipelagite facies. Considering the narrow relationship between tracemakers and environmental conditions, ichnological analysis may prove useful to approach the genesis of contourite deposits, reflecting parameters such as current dynamics, rate of deposition, erosion, etc.…”

Section: Ichnological Information Contourites and Associated Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the narrow relationship between tracemakers and environmental conditions, ichnological analysis may prove useful to approach the genesis of contourite deposits, reflecting parameters such as current dynamics, rate of deposition, erosion, etc. However, in other cases, tracemaker activity can be a handicap for the recognition of contourites and associated sediments, because the diagnosis criteria -e.g., sedimentary structures and grain-size variationsmay be obliterated by intense bioturbation (see Wetzel et al, 2008 for a detailed analysis; Rasmussen and Surlyk, 2012;Mulder et al, 2013). Recently, a high resolution digital image treatment was applied to the ichnological analysis of cores from Expedition 339.…”

Section: Ichnological Information Contourites and Associated Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High resolution digital image treatment to color analysis on cores from IODP Expedition 339: Approaching lithologic features and bioturbational influence

Dorador

Rodrı́guez-Tovar

2016

Marine Geology

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Chapter 11 Bioturbation and Biogenic Sedimentary Structures in Contourites

Cited by 63 publications

References 54 publications

Marine epibenthic functional diversity on Flemish Cap (north‐west Atlantic)—Identifying trait responses to the environment and mapping ecosystem functions

Marine epibenthic functional diversity on Flemish Cap (north‐west Atlantic)—Identifying trait responses to the environment and mapping ecosystem functions

Oceanic density fronts steering bottom-current induced sedimentation deduced from a 50 ka contourite-drift record and numerical modeling (off NW Spain)

High resolution digital image treatment to color analysis on cores from IODP Expedition 339: Approaching lithologic features and bioturbational influence

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