Chapter 13. Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance

Lowe, JohnA.

doi:10.1016/s0065-7743(08)60495-9

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…However, the present finding of multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes was lower than those reported by [ 85 ]. The current multidrug resistance is probably because those antibiotics are widely available and used inappropriately by humans and on animal production farms, or those bacteria are known to accumulate genes responsible for coding antimicrobial resistance mechanisms [ 86 , 87 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular identification of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes and their antibiotic resistance patterns among diarrheic children and in contact calves in Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia

et al. 2022

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Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strains are an essential cause of diarrheal infection in younger children and animals. The study was focused on understanding the associated characteristics of various DEC strains among children and calves, establishing the possible zoonotic transmission, and determining their antibiotic resistance patterns. Samples from 144 acute diarrheic children and 50 diarrheic calves were collected and processed using traditional culture methods. The molecular identification of pathotypes was completed using primer-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting ten virulence genes (stx1, stx2, eae, aatA, lt, st, ial, hlyA bfpA, and daaE) related to six DEC pathotypes (EPEC, ETEC, EHEC, EAEC EIEC, and DAEC). The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Colonies from 74 study subjects (54 diarrheic children and 20 diarrheic calves) were positive for E. coli isolates. Subsequent PCR detection discovered that 77% of children and 85% of calves’ isolates were positive for one or more virulence genes typical of particular strains. Among those ETEC [(18%), (26%)] is being the maximum predominant, and [(15%), (15%)] were positive for STEC, [(13%), (8%)] for atypical EPEC, [(6%), (7%)] for EHEC, [(6%), (5%)] for EAEC, and [(6%), (4%)] for EIEC strains in children’s and calves, respectively. Of the identified E. coli isolates, about 29% were found to be hybrid isolates. ETEC (66.7%) and STEC (58.9%) strains showed a better detection rate in contact children with diarrheic calves than children with no contacts. Most antibiotic resistances were obtained towards amoxicillin (64.9%), gentamycin (56.8%), and ampicillin (54.1%). Up to sixty-five percent of isolates were resistant to a minimum of three categories of antibiotics. This is the primary report on the wide occurrence of the six-diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strains, and ETEC was found to be the predominant pathotype among children and contact calves in Ethiopia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular identification of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes and their antibiotic resistance patterns among diarrheic children and in contact calves in Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia

et al. 2022

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“…[43,44] Such misuse of antibiotics in livestock production has been reported to cause AMR. [45][46][47][48][49] The results of this study have demonstrated the presence of antimicrobial resistant pathogens from both open markets and supermarkets in some of the most populated provincial industrial capitals of Zambia. This raises public health concerns because studies have shown that food producing animals, such as broilers, could be a major contributor to the antimicrobial resistance gene pool.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichiacoli and Salmonella isolated from retail broiler chicken carcasses in Zambia

Muligisa-Muonga

Mainda

Mukuma

et al. 2021

JER

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of foodborne pathogens is of public health concern, especially in developing countries such as Zambia. This study was undertaken to determine the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella isolated from retail broiler chicken carcasses purchased from open markets and supermarkets in Zambia. A total of 189 E. coli and five Salmonella isolates were isolated. Identification and confirmation of the isolates were done using Analytical Profile Index (API 20E) (Biomerieux®) and 16S rRNA sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests (AST) were performed using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion technique using a panel of 9 antibiotics. WHONET 2018 software was used to analyze AST results. The E. coli isolates were mostly resistant to tetracycline (79.4%), ampicillin (51.9%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (49.7%). Two of the five Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic. This study has demonstrated the presence of AMR E. coli and Salmonella on retail broiler chicken carcasses from open markets and supermarkets, which is of public health concern.

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“…Further, farmers tend to self-prescribe these drugs whenever they have a disease situation when raising the birds (Guetiya Wadoum et al, 2016;Xu et al, 2020). Such misuse of antibiotics in livestock production has been reported to cause AMR (Lowe, 1982;Ngoma et al, 1993;Koluman and Dikici, 2013;Kalonda et al, 2015;Ayukekbong et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolated from Raw Retail Broiler Chicken Carcasses in Zambia

Muonga

Mainda

Mukuma

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) of foodborne pathogens is of public health concern, especially in developing countries such as Zambia. This study was undertaken to determine the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and Salmonella isolated from raw retail broiler chicken carcasses purchased from open and supermarkets in Zambia.ResultsA total of 189 E. coli and five Salmonella isolates were isolated. Identification and confirmation of the isolates were done using Analytical Profile Index (API 20E) (Biomerieux ® ) and 16S rRNA sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests (AST) were performed using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion technique using a panel of 10 antibiotics. Multiplex PCR was used to determine the presence of three target genes encoding for resistance: tet A, Sul 1 and bla CTX-M . WHONET 2018 software was used to analyse AST results. The E. coli isolates were mostly resistant to tetracycline (79.4%), ampicillin (51.9%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (49.7%). Two of the five Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Forty- seven (45.2%) of the 104 isolates that were screened for the presence of the resistant genes possessed at least one of the targeted resistance genes.ConclusionThis study has demonstrated the presence of AMR E. coli and Salmonella on raw retail broiler chicken carcasses from open and supermarkets, which is of public health concern.

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Chapter 13. Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance

Cited by 17 publications

References 119 publications

Molecular identification of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes and their antibiotic resistance patterns among diarrheic children and in contact calves in Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia

Molecular identification of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes and their antibiotic resistance patterns among diarrheic children and in contact calves in Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia

Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichiacoli and Salmonella isolated from retail broiler chicken carcasses in Zambia

Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolated from Raw Retail Broiler Chicken Carcasses in Zambia

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