Chapter 14 Altruism, exchange or indirect reciprocity: what do the data on family transfers show?

Grandparenting and Childbearing in the Extended Family

“…They indeed show a positive impact of intergenerational co-residence on female labour force participation, highlighting a clear link between downward time transfers and the work effort of the recipient. Building on this work, a range of studies started focussing on the importance of time transfers from parents to adult children highlighting their positive effect on the participation rates of the latter (Chiuri, 2000;Del Boca, 2002;Bratti, 2003;Marenzi and Pagani, 2008;Arrondel and Masson, 2006;Laferrére and Wolff, 2006;Dimova and Wolff, 2006). Most of these studies are country specific, but they all indicate an important role for intergenerational support in mothers' being able to participate in the labour force.…”

Do downward private transfers enhance maternal labor supply? Evidence from around Europe

“…While there are several studies on both upward and downward financial transfers (Arrondel andMasson, 2006, Laferrère andWolff, 2006), as well as upward services in the form of informal care for disabled elderly parents (Ettner, 1995, Pezzin andSchone, 1999), economic studies on grandchild care are virtually absent. However, the bulk of the sociological literature indicates that not only grandmothers, as opposed to grandfathers, are the primary suppliers of grandchild care but also grandchild care supply is more likely to affect the career prospects of the grandchild's mother rather than the father (Tobio, 2001).…”

Incidencia de las características de la red de apoyo en la ayuda total recibida por las personas mayores

“…Cabe destacar que, en este caso, la ayuda prestada por la persona mayor no necesariamente se dirige a la misma persona que le prestó asistencia. Tampoco se determina si las ayudas recibida y ofrecida son de la misma naturaleza (prestación de servicios o financiera), de manera que este resultado es coherente tanto con la teoría del intercambio social como con la de reciprocidad (Arrondel y Masson, 2006;Ikkink y Tilburg, 1999;Tilburg, 1992). .…”

“…En el modelo también se incluyó el número de individuos a quienes la persona mayor ofrece ayuda por día. Esta variable se construyó de forma similar a la variable respuesta, pues se verificó una fuerte correlación positiva entre las dos (véase el cuadro 1), conforme las teorías del intercambio social y de la reciprocidad (Arrondel y Masson, 2006;Ikkink y Tilburg, 1999;Tilburg, 1992).…”