Chapter 2 Epidemiology of sarcopenia

Shimokata, Hiroshi; Shimada, Hiroyuki; Satake, Shosuke; Endo, Naoto; Shibasaki, Koji; Ogawa, Sumito; Arai, Hidenori

doi:10.1111/ggi.13320

Cited by 32 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 106 publications

(125 reference statements)

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“…AWGS pre‐sarcopenia was defined as ASMI less than the cut‐off value only. AWGS robust was defined as the remaining participants . Total body fat mass (kg), minerals (kg) and protein (kg) were also determined by the InBody720, divided by the height (m) squared, and utilized as indicators of nutritional status.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of olfactory impairment with indexes of sarcopenia and frailty in community‐dwelling older adults

Harita

Miwa

Shiga

et al. 2019

Geriatrics Gerontology Int

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Aim Individuals with olfactory or gustatory impairment often have associated difficulties with food‐related activities. As both functions decline in older adults, we investigated the association of these impairments with sarcopenia/frailty indexes in community‐dwelling older adults. Methods A total of 141 participants (69 men and 72 women, mean age 73.0 years) were enrolled. Odor identification was examined using the Open Essence test. Salty and sweet tastes were assessed using a whole‐mouth gustatory test. Participants underwent evaluation of the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) by InBody720 and grip strength, and determination of the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures frailty index. Results Participants with olfactory impairment (Open Essence ≤7), but not with gustatory impairment, showed a significantly higher prevalence of ASMI and grip strength less than the cut‐off values recommended by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia, and Study of Osteoporotic Fractures frailty and/or pre‐frailty status, compared with those without impairment. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a significant association of olfactory impairment with ASMI less than the cut‐off value, grip strength less than the cut‐off value, Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia sarcopenia and pre‐frailty/frailty in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures index in the whole population, and with ASMI less than the cut‐off value and Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia sarcopenia in women, after adjustment. Three (Japanese cypress, wood and roasted garlic) and four (Japanese orange, India ink, menthol and curry) Open Essence odorants were elucidated as the “sarcopenia subset” and “frailty subset,” respectively, and showed higher ability to identify sarcopenia and frailty status, compared with the remaining five odorants. Conclusions These findings suggest that olfactory impairment is closely associated with sarcopenia and/or frailty in community‐dwelling older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 384–391.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of olfactory impairment with indexes of sarcopenia and frailty in community‐dwelling older adults

Harita

Miwa

Shiga

et al. 2019

Geriatrics Gerontology Int

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“…Subsequently, in October 2016, sarcopenia was included in the ICD‐10 (M62.84) and was internationally recognized as a disease . The Japanese Association on Sarcopenia and Frailty and the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology jointly published clinical guidelines for sarcopenia in 2017, which have been translated into English . Nevertheless, a large number of research groups exist worldwide, and their definitions and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia vary.…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 The Japanese Association on Sarcopenia and Frailty and the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology jointly published clinical guidelines for sarcopenia in 2017, which have been translated into English. [5][6][7][8] Nevertheless, a large number of research groups exist worldwide, and their definitions and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia vary. Although skeletal muscle mass is an indispensable criterion for the diagnosis of sarcopenia, reduced muscle strength (grip strength) and/or reduced physical function (walking speed) are adopted, as required, when diagnosing muscular functions.…”

Section: Background and Purposementioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenia and dysphagia: Position paper by four professional organizations

Fujishima¹,

Fujiu-Kurachi

Arai

et al. 2019

Geriatrics Gerontology Int

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255

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This report was written by the Japanese Society of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, the Japanese Association of Rehabilitation Nutrition, the Japanese Association on Sarcopenia and Frailty, and the Society of Swallowing and Dysphagia of Japan to consolidate the currently available evidence on the topics of sarcopenia and dysphagia. Histologically, the swallowing muscles are of different embryological origin from somatic muscles, and receive constant input stimulation from the respiratory center. Although the swallowing muscles are striated, their characteristics are different from those of skeletal muscles. The swallowing muscles are inevitably affected by malnutrition and disuse; accumulating evidence is available regarding the influence of malnutrition on the swallowing muscles. Sarcopenic dysphagia is defined as dysphagia caused by sarcopenia of the whole body and swallowing‐related muscles. When sarcopenia does not exist in the entire body, the term “sarcopenic dysphagia” should not be used. Additionally, sarcopenia due to neuromuscular diseases should be excluded; however, aging and secondary sarcopenia after inactivity, malnutrition and disease (wasting disorder and cachexia) are included in sarcopenic dysphagia. The treatment of dysphagia due to sarcopenia requires both dysphagia rehabilitation, such as resistance training of the swallowing muscles and nutritional intervention. However, the fundamental issue of how dysphagia caused by sarcopenia of the swallowing muscles should be diagnosed remains unresolved. Furthermore, whether dysphagia can be caused by primary sarcopenia should be clarified. Additionally, more discussion is required on issues such as the relationship between dysphagia and secondary sarcopenia, as well as the diagnostic criteria and means for diagnosing dysphagia caused by sarcopenia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 91–97.

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“…However, the loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia) is not only related to age and sex but also depends on a number of endogenous and exogenous factors that influence the prevalence values of sarcopenia. The most studied and validated factors that can generate an effect on the sarcopenia are age (main moderating variable), genetic factors, birth weight, early growth, diet, physical activity, other chronic diseases, and hormonal changes (secondary variables) [17,18]. In line with this, a recent systematic review with meta-analysis on the general population [2] concludes that the prevalence of sarcopenia can be modified by other factors such as race, nutrition, quality of life, and sex among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Sleep Quality on the Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Rubio-Arias

Rodríguez‐Fernández

Andreu

et al. 2019

JCM

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Sarcopenia is an age-related condition. However, the prevalence of sarcopenia may increase due to a range of other factors, such as sleep quality/duration. Therefore, the aim of the study is to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in older adults based on their self-reported sleep duration. Methods: Three electronic databases were used—PubMed-Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. We included studies that measured the prevalence of sarcopenia, divided according to sleep quality and excluded studies (a) involving populations with neuromuscular pathologies, (b) not showing prevalence values (cases/control) on sarcopenia, and (c) not including classificatory models to determine sleep quality. Results: high prevalence values in older adults with both long and short sleep duration were shown. However, prevalence values were higher in those with inadequate sleep (<6–8 h or low efficiency) (OR 0.76; 95% CI (0.70–0.83); Q = 1.446; p = 0.695; test for overall effect, Z = 6.01, p < 0.00001). Likewise, higher prevalence levels were shown in men (OR 1.61; 95% CI (0.82–3.16); Q = 11.80; p = 0.0189) compared to women (OR 0.77; 95% CI (0.29–2.03); Q = 21.35; p = 0.0003). Therefore, the prevalence of sarcopenia appears to be associated with sleep quality, with higher prevalence values in older adults who have inadequate sleep.

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Chapter 2 Epidemiology of sarcopenia

Cited by 32 publications

References 106 publications

Association of olfactory impairment with indexes of sarcopenia and frailty in community‐dwelling older adults

Association of olfactory impairment with indexes of sarcopenia and frailty in community‐dwelling older adults

Sarcopenia and dysphagia: Position paper by four professional organizations

Effect of Sleep Quality on the Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

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