Background
Well-being outcomes for parents of children with intellectual and developmental
disabilities (IDD) may vary from positive to negative at different times and for
different measures of well-being. Predicting and explaining this variability has been a
major focus of family research for reasons that have both theoretical and applied
implications.
Methods
The current study used data from a 23-year longitudinal investigation of
adoptive and birth parents of children with IDD to determine which early child, mother,
and family characteristics would predict the variance in maternal outcomes 20 years
after their original measurement. Using hierarchical regression analyses, we tested the
predictive power of variables measured when children were 7 years old on outcomes of
maternal well-being when children were 26 years old. Outcome variables included maternal
self-report measures of depression and well–being.
Results
Final models of well-being accounted for 20% to 34% of
variance. For most outcomes, Family Accord and/or the personality variable of
Neuroticism (emotional stability/instability) were significant predictors, but some
variables demonstrated a different pattern.
Conclusions
These findings confirm that 1) Characteristics of the child, mother, and family
during childhood can predict outcomes of maternal well-being 20 years later; and 2)
Different predictor-outcome relationships can vary substantially, highlighting the
importance of using multiple measures to gain a more comprehensive understanding of
maternal well-being. These results have implications for refining prognoses for parents
and for tailoring service delivery to individual child, parent, and family
characteristics.