Chapter 22 Pregnancy and postpartum: changes in cognition and mood

Buckwalter, J. Galen; Buckwalter, Deborah K.; Bluestein, Brendon W.; Stanczyk, Frank Z.

doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(01)33023-6

Cited by 73 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…Previous reviews exist with in-depth discussions on the hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy and postpartum (Buckwalter et al, 2001;Carter et al, 2001). Additionally, many reviews have been written on postpartum depression, with particular focus on the hormonal factors underlying the disorder (i.e.…”

Section: Clinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anxiety Pregnancy # ACTH through pregnancy Carr et al (1981) " ACTH at parturition Sasaki et al (1988), Fajardo et al (1994), Ochedalski et al (2001) # in symptoms of panic disorder Bandelow et al (2006) Postpartum # HPA axis activation Wiesenfeld et al (1985), Altemus (1995), Carter and Altemus (1997) Cognition/memory Pregnancy # performance on variety of memory tasks (visual, verbal, explicit, implicit, working memory), particularly in the third trimester Silber et al (1990), Brindle et al (1991), Sharp et al (1993), Keenan et al (1998), Buckwalter et al (1999), Casey et al (1999), Janes et al (1999), de Groot et al (2003, Mickes et al (2008), Rendell and Henry (2008) # in subjective rating of memory Brindle et al (1991), Sharp et al (1993), Casey et al (1999), Janes et al (1999), Crawley et al (2003) " (or maintained) recognition memory Silber et al (1990), Brindle et al (1991), Sharp et al (1993), Mickes et al (2008) Postpartum # verbal memory immediately postpartum Eidelman et al (1993) " word recall 6-12 months postpartum compared with pregnancy/early postpartum Silber et al (1990), Mickes et al (2008) No difference in verbal memory 1 year postpartum Crawley et al (2003) # word recall 32 weeks postpartum de Groot et al (2006) " verbal, semantic and working memory 2 years postpartum Buckwalter et al (2001) All changes are in reference to non-pregnant women, unless otherwise noted. ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone; HPA: hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal; OCD: obsessivecompulsive disorder.…”

Section: Behavioral Class Time Period Effects In Humans Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Steroid hormones such as estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone also affect anxiety and mood during pregnancy and postpartum (Buckwalter et al, 1999(Buckwalter et al, , 2001. During pregnancy, high levels of progesterone are positively correlated with negative mood, while high levels of the testosterone metabolite dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) are associated with positive mood (Buckwalter et al, 1999(Buckwalter et al, , 2001.…”

Section: Hormonal Mediators Of Postpartum Moodmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Changes in anxiety and cognition due to reproductive experience: A review of data from rodent and human mothers

Macbeth

Luine

2010

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

143

113

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Section: Clinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Behavioral Class Time Period Effects In Humans Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hormonal Mediators Of Postpartum Moodmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Changes in anxiety and cognition due to reproductive experience: A review of data from rodent and human mothers

Macbeth

Luine

2010

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

143

113

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“…Consider the case of postpartum depression, which occurs in the weeks to months following birth. This disorder is evident in up to 10% of new mothers, with 30% of those still depressed 6 months later (Buckwalter et al, 2001). During pregnancy, estrogen levels are very high and decline precipitously after birth.…”

Section: Female Depression and The Role Of Ovarian Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen-mediated effects on depression and memory formation in females

Shors

Leuner

2003

Journal of Affective Disorders

158

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Women are twice as likely to suffer from depression as men. It has been proposed that the ovarian hormones estrogen and progesterone contribute to the higher incidence of this potentially debilitating disorder. Depression can also be accompanied by a loss of cognitive performance. Here we review estrogen-mediated effects on depression and memory formation in females. We propose that changes in levels of estrogen are associated with sex differences in learning as well as changes in affect prior to menses, immediately after pregnancy and during perimenopause and the menopausal transition. Finally, we discuss the animal model of depression known as 'learned helplessness' and describe research from our laboratory demonstrating that exposure to an acute stressful experience compromises a female's later ability to acquire certain types of new memories. This response to stressful experience is opposite to that observed in males and is dependent on the presence of estrogen, and more specifically-changing levels of estrogen. This observation indicates that females and males can use different hormonal and neural mechanisms to respond to the same emotional event and underscore the importance of studying the unique and changing biology of females, especially when considering treatment strategies for depression and stress-related illness.

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“…Especially the postpartal decrease in the estradiol level [43] may play a crucial role here since estrogen has a wide array of effects on several neurotransmitter systems [44,45]. In view of this assumption, there are surprisingly few studies concerning the possible therapeutic significance of an estradiol substitution, most of which are restricted to postnatal depression [46][47][48].…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postpartum psychoses: Prognosis, risk factors, and treatment

Pfuhlmann

Stoeber

Beckmann

2002

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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Puerperal psychoses do not represent a nosological entity, but rather a selection of puerperally triggered "ordinary" functional psychoses with cycloid psychoses predominating and schizophrenias occurring very rarely. The prognosis is basically favorable concerning symptom remission and social and occupational functioning. However, there is a considerable frequency of relapses and an increased suicide rate. The most important risk factors for an episode of a puerperal psychosis are being primiparous and having suffered a previous episode of a psychosis, particularly a cycloid psychosis. Controlled treatment studies up to now are absent. Case studies suggest in acute episodes the efficacy of a symptom-oriented pharmacologic treatment where ablactation is recommended. With respect to prophylactic treatment some authors propose to apply lithium in late pregnancy or immediately after delivery. Because of its possible teratogenic effects and the altogether rather sparse data, the authors however cannot recommend the use of lithium during pregnancy. Applying estradiol after delivery may be beneficial and safe, but further studies are necessary to clarify these issues.

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Chapter 22 Pregnancy and postpartum: changes in cognition and mood

Cited by 73 publications

References 110 publications

Changes in anxiety and cognition due to reproductive experience: A review of data from rodent and human mothers

Changes in anxiety and cognition due to reproductive experience: A review of data from rodent and human mothers

Estrogen-mediated effects on depression and memory formation in females

Postpartum psychoses: Prognosis, risk factors, and treatment

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