Chapter 3 Mesozoic Geology of the Hudson Platform

Telford, P G; Long, Darrel G.F.

doi:10.1016/s0422-9894(08)70896-1

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The Chaswood Formation is, thus, broadly equivalent to the Mississauga and Logan Canyon formations offshore in the Scotian Basin (Wade and MacLean 1990). It is also of similar age to the fluvial Mattagami Formation in the Hudson Bay lowlands of central Canada (Telford and Long 1986). Sediment supply to the Chaswood Formation was generally from the north (Pe- Piper and MacKay 2006), with some local supply from fault scarps in the Avalon terrane of northern Nova Scotia (Gobeil et al 2006).…”

Section: Chaswood Formationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Geochemistry of the Lower Cretaceous Chaswood Formation, Nova Scotia, Canada: provenance and diagenesisGeological Survey of Canada Contribution 20080004.

2008

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The fluvial Chaswood Formation records a complex history of tectonic reactivation of basement horsts and shedding of clastic sediment. Previous mineralogical studies indicate sources from both local and more distant basement rocks of the Appalachians. Because such mineralogical studies identify only particular source rocks, the geochemistry of 60 samples from a complete section through the Chaswood Formation in borehole RR-97-23 was investigated to determine the character of bulk sediment supply. The detrital signature is partially obscured by diagenetic processes that caused concentration of K, P, Sr, and U at three regional unconformities. The elements Ti (in ilmenite and its alteration products), Zr (in zircon), Th, and Y are largely controlled by the abundance of heavy minerals in the rocks. Ilmenite is the dominant first-cycle heavy mineral, whereas much of the zircon is of polycyclic origin; therefore, the Ti/Zr ratio is a guide to the proportion of first-cycle sediment supply from crystalline basement. High Cr, Sr, and Ni/Co ratio in mudstones appear related to supply from weathered mafic crystalline basement. Three cycles of sediment supply are recognized, each overlying a regional unconformity. These reflect uplift of horsts that resulted first in shedding of readily eroded Carboniferous sandstones, then rapid erosion of crystalline basement and, finally, greater supply of deeply weathered regolith. This study provides a template for interpreting more distal sediments in the Scotian Basin, where the direct effects of source-area tectonics are not recorded in the stratigraphic succession.Résumé : La Formation fluviale de Chaswood enregistre un historique complexe de réactivation tectonique de horsts du socle et de délestage de sédiments clastiques. Des études minéralogiques antérieures indiquent des sources provenant de roches du socle, local et éloigné, des Appalaches. É tant donné que de telles études minéralogiques n'identifient que des roches sources spécifiques, la géochimie de 60 échantillons d'une section complète à travers la Formation de Chaswood dans le forage RR-97-23 a été étudiée afin de déterminer le caractère de l'approvisionnement en vrac des sédiments. La signature détritique est partiellement masquée par les processus diagénétiques, lesquels sont responsables de la concentration de K, P, Sr et U à trois discordances régionales. Les éléments Ti (dans l'ilménite et ses produits d'altération), Zr (dans le zircon) ainsi que Th et Y sont contrôlés en grande partie par l'abondance des minéraux lourds dans les roches. L'ilménite est le minéral lourd dominant du premier cycle, alors que qu'une grande portion du zircon est d'origine polycyclique; le rapport Ti/Zr est donc un guide de la proportion des sédiments du premier cycle provenant du socle cristallin. Les teneurs élevées de Cr, de Sr et du rapport Ni/Co dans les mudstones semblent reliées à l'approvisionnement à partir d'un socle mafique cristallin altéré. Trois cycles d'apport de sédiments sont reconnus, chacun reposant sur une discordanc...

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Section: Chaswood Formationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Geochemistry of the Lower Cretaceous Chaswood Formation, Nova Scotia, Canada: provenance and diagenesisGeological Survey of Canada Contribution 20080004.

2008

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“…4) contains Upper Ordovician through Upper Devonian strata with a major unconformity overlain by erosional remnants of minor Middle Jurassic and unconformable (Albian and Aptian?) Cretaceous rocks (Norris, 1977;Telford and Long, 1986;Norris, 1993;Pinet et al, 2013).…”

Section: Case Study: Hearne Domain and Trans-hudson Orogen Canadian S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many shields are devoid of sedimentary cover-making reconstruction of their post-orogenic geological history difficult. For example, most of the Canadian interior is comprised of Precambrian basement sporadically covered only by thin early Paleozoic or middle-late Mesozoic sedimentary strata (e.g., Sloss, 1963;Telford and Long, 1986;Norris, 1993;Pinet et al, 2013;Burgess, 2019)-leaving much of the Phanerozoic geological history an open question. To address the potential to recover this missing record, apatite fission-track (AFT) thermochronology has been one of the primary tools used to constrain the potentially complex burial and erosion histories of cratons (Kohn and Gleadow, 2019, for review).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phanerozoic sedimentary cover history of the Hudson Platform: a heuristic modeling perspective

McDannell¹,

O’Sullivan²,

Gallagher³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Understanding the long-term erosion and burial history of cratons is often challenging due to the incompleteness of the geologic record. Low-temperature thermochronology has been used to provide constraints on these histories and apatite fission-track dating has long been one of the preferred methods. In terms of analytical protocol the convention has been to measure ~100 confined track lengths and to produce ~20 single-grain ages. These data are then inverted for thermal history along with sparse constraints and other assumptions pertaining to the regional geologic evolution. However, imposing constraints will influence the form of the inferred thermal histories. In some cases this step may limit impartial assessment of the unknown history in terms of what features are required by the data and those that the data are consistent with (or at least do not contradict). Here we present a study present involving apatite fission track data collected from central Canadian Shield basement rocks with more dated age grains and ~3–7x the typical number of track-length measurements. We refer to these data as "super samples" (AFTSS) and show such data can improve resolution of complex histories involving episodic reheating and partial annealing. Importantly for the data we present, AFTSS can also be used to independently infer past geologic conditions without the enforcement of many a priori constraints during modeling—such as the approximate times of past regional basement exposure. Modeling in this way is guided by a heuristic philosophy regarding the use of thermal history constraints. This allows us to examine the ability of the model to independently infer geologically plausible time-temperature paths from the fission-track data alone. Inversions of these data establish that the currently exposed basement near the Hudson Bay Basin was buried in the middle Paleozoic and late Mesozoic, in agreement with the preserved regional rock record and adding further evidence to suggest that the basin is an erosional remnant. The AFTSS data alone imply two reheating events and indirectly require periods at cooler (near-surface) conditions in the latest Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic and in the Jurassic to early Cretaceous—the timing of which are consistent with known Hudson Platform unconformities. We recommend that cratonic basement rocks that may have experienced episodic burial reheating (~60 to < 100°C) and partial annealing over hundreds of millions of years should have a minimum of 250–300 track lengths collected to provide adequate time-temperature information for thermal history modeling.

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“…In the James Bay lowlands (Moose River Basin), there is a thin interval of Middle Jurassic (ca. 170 Ma) Mistuskwia Beds [103] overlain by the Cretaceous Mattagami Formation, dated at ca. 112 to 97 Ma [111], that was deposited in a shallow marine setting that may have been more regionally widespread [112].…”

Section: Geological Setting and Previous Thermal Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4.2.2 Northern Ontario, Hudson Bay regionThe Paleozoic, which may or may not include Mesozoic and minor Cenozoic [e.g., 101], rocks situated along southern Hudson Bay overlie Archean basement of the western Superior Province and Trans-Hudson Orogen, reaching sedimentary thicknesses of a few hundred metres onshore[102,103,104,105,90,96], and over 2000 m beneath Hudson Bay (Fig.4; [e.g., 96]). In both the Hudson Bay Basin and Moose River Basin, the base…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exhuming the Canadian Shield: preliminary interpretations from low-temperature thermochronology and significance for the sedimentary succession of the Hudson Bay Basin

McDannell¹,

Pinet²,

Issler³

2021

Preprint

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The geological history of the Canadian Shield is difficult to constrain because the sedimentary record is missing in those areas where Precambrian basement is exposed at the surface. This study presents preliminary results and interpretations of new apatite fission-track (AFT) analyses to elucidate the low-temperature (< 120 • C) history across Canada. The AFT modelling of samples from Southampton Island, in Nunavut, indicates that maximum temperatures varied between 62 and 93 • C during the Phanerozoic. Maximum burial occurred in the Devonian, but a second phase of Mesozoic burial is proposed, especially in the case for the sample recovered closest to the northern island-bounding normal faults. The AFT modelling of a sample from northern Ontario indicates a maximum burial temperature of approximately 75 • C was reached during the Late Devonian. Overall, these results demonstrate that the Hudson Bay sedimentary succession is the remnant of a more extensive and thicker sedimentary cover than is preserved. This study also provides the opportunity to discuss innovative methodology and modelling approaches for low-temperature thermochronology.This manuscript has been submitted for publication in Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 609: Sedimentary basins of the Canadian north -contributions to a 1000 Ma geological journey and insight on resource potential, Chapter 10. Please note that, despite having undergone peer-review, this manuscript has not been fully accepted in print and is undergoing (multi-year) editorial production before final publication.

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Chapter 3 Mesozoic Geology of the Hudson Platform

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Geochemistry of the Lower Cretaceous Chaswood Formation, Nova Scotia, Canada: provenance and diagenesisGeological Survey of Canada Contribution 20080004.

Geochemistry of the Lower Cretaceous Chaswood Formation, Nova Scotia, Canada: provenance and diagenesisGeological Survey of Canada Contribution 20080004.

Phanerozoic sedimentary cover history of the Hudson Platform: a heuristic modeling perspective

Exhuming the Canadian Shield: preliminary interpretations from low-temperature thermochronology and significance for the sedimentary succession of the Hudson Bay Basin

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