Chapter 4 Commercial Preparation and Characterization of FCC Catalysts

Woltermann, Gerald M.; Magee, J.S.; Griffith, Stephen D.

doi:10.1016/s0167-2991(08)63827-6

Cited by 45 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Furthermore, supported vanadium catalysts are active in the oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes to olefins, oxidative of butane to maleic anhydride, and the selective oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde or methyl formate [6,7]. In addition, vanadium catalysts are generally known as a poison for fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts by destroying the Brönsted acid sites and the structure of the ultra stable zeolite Y (USY), [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alumina-supported vanadyl complexes as catalysts for the CH bond activation of cyclohexene with tert-butylhydroperoxide

Salavati‐Niasari

Elzami

Mansournia

et al. 2004

Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alumina-supported vanadyl complexes as catalysts for the CH bond activation of cyclohexene with tert-butylhydroperoxide

Salavati‐Niasari

Elzami

Mansournia

et al. 2004

Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical

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“…Conventional Y zeolite (FAU-structure type), with a silicon-to-aluminum molar ratio between 1.5 and 2.5, lacks of thermal and hydrothermal stabilities [10]. Nowadays, high silica ultra-stable Y zeolite, with silicon to aluminum molar ratio generally above 4, is used for cracking applications, allowing good thermal and hydrothermal stabilities [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mainly, ultra-stable Y zeolite is produced from dealumination of a conventional Y zeolite by hydrothermal or chemical treatment [13][14][15]. Unfortunately, these methods require several post-treatments such as calcination under steam (steaming), acid leaching, filtration, washing and drying: this explains the strong interest of a direct "one step" synthesis of high-silica FAU-type zeolites for industrial applications [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Original Structure-Directing Agents for the Synthesis of EMC-1 Zeolite

Daou

Dhainaut

Chappaz

et al. 2014

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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Cet article fait partie du dossier thématique ci-dessous publié dans la revue OGST, Vol. 70, n°2, et téléchargeable ici D o s s i e rOil & Gas Science and Technology -Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles, Vol. 70 (2015), No. 3, Copyright © 2015, IFP Energies nouvelles > Editorial -Towards the Laboratory of the Future for the Factory of the FutureÉditorial -Vers le laboratoire du futur pour construire l'usine du futur Abstract -By using a steric approach, it is possible to design templates matching closely with an inorganic framework. Herein, the design, synthesis and successful application of several di(azacrown ether) templates to direct the formation of EMC-1 zeolite (FAU-type) are reported. Following a high throughput experiment design, the synthesis gel composition was optimized to obtain well-crystallized materials. Taking into account their respective crystallization rates, their textural and morphological properties were comparable to their counterparts, typically structured by 15-crown-5 ether.Re´sume´-L'utilisation d'agents structuraux originaux pour la synthe`se de ze´olithe EMC-1 -En utilisant une approche « ste´rique », il est possible de concevoir des agents structurants qui s'adaptent bien a`la porosite´de la charpente mine´rale. Ici, la conception, la synthe`se et l'application re´ussie de plusieurs agents structurants de type di(aza-e´ther-couronne) pour diriger la formation de ze´olithe EMC-1 de type FAU sont reporte´s. Suite a`des synthe`ses a`haut-de´bit, la composition du gel de synthe`se a e´te´optimise´e pour obtenir des mate´riaux bien cristallise´s. Compte tenu de leurs taux de cristallisation respectifs, leurs proprie´te´s texturales et morphologiques sont comparables a`leurs homologues, ge´ne´ralement synthe´tise´s en pre´sence du 15-e´ther-couronne-5.

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“…It can range from about 15-40 wt.% of the catalyst [7,28]. The matrix comprises 60-85 wt.% of the commercial FCC catalyst and contains alumina, silica-alumina, or natural clay depending on the catalyst synthesis technology [47]. The performance of the catalyst could be influenced by the matrix composition but to a lesser extent than the zeolite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The performance of the catalyst could be influenced by the matrix composition but to a lesser extent than the zeolite. The matrix and zeolite can affect product selectivity, quality, and resistance to poisons [47]. Thus, the general activity and selectivity of the FCC catalyst is dependent on the catalyst formulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid catalytic cracking of biomass pyrolysis vapors

Mante

Agblevor

McClung

2011

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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Catalytic cracking of pyrolysis oils/vapors offers the opportunity of producing bio-oils which can potentially be coprocessed with petroleum feedstocks in today's oil refinery to produce transportation fuel and chemicals. Catalyst properties and process conditions are critical in producing and maximizing desired product. In our studies, catalyst matrix (kaolin) and two commercial fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts, FCC-H and FCC-L, with different Y-zeolite contents were investigated. The catalytic cracking of hybrid poplar wood was conducted in a 50-mm bench-scale bubbling fluidized-bed pyrolysis reactor at 465°C with a weight hourly space velocity of 1.5 h −1 . The results showed that the yields and quality of the bio-oils was a function of the Y-zeolite content of the catalyst. The char/coke yield was highest for the higher Y-zeolite catalyst. The organic liquid yields decreased inversely with increase in zeolite content of the catalyst whereas the water and gas yields increased. Analysis of the oils by both Fourier-transform infrared and 13 C-nuclear magnetic resonance indicated that the catalyst with higher zeolite content (FCC-H) was efficient in the removal of compounds like levoglucosan, carboxylic acids and the conversion of methoxylated phenols to substituted phenols and benzenediols. The cracking of pyrolysis products by kaolin suggests that the activity of the FCC catalyst on biomass pyrolysis vapors can be attributed to both Y-zeolite and matrix. The FCC-H catalyst produced much more improved oil. The oil was low in oxygen (22.67 wt.%), high in energy (29.79 MJ/kg) and relatively stable over a 12-month storage period.

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Chapter 4 Commercial Preparation and Characterization of FCC Catalysts

Cited by 45 publications

References 27 publications

Alumina-supported vanadyl complexes as catalysts for the CH bond activation of cyclohexene with tert-butylhydroperoxide

Alumina-supported vanadyl complexes as catalysts for the CH bond activation of cyclohexene with tert-butylhydroperoxide

The Use of Original Structure-Directing Agents for the Synthesis of EMC-1 Zeolite

Fluid catalytic cracking of biomass pyrolysis vapors

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