Chapter 4 Soil morphology

Mermut, A. R.; Dasog, G. S.; Dowuona, G. N.

doi:10.1016/s0166-2481(96)80006-7

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Vertic features (Figure 3a,b,e) reflect shrink-swell processes in soils and include slickensides (Bss horizons), wedge-shaped structures, desiccation cracks, mukkara, and surficial gilgai microrelief (Mermut et al 1996a). Generally, vertic features indicate seasonal precipitation, but more refined information may be gleaned from certain vertic structures, especially slickensides and clastic dikes (infilled desiccation cracks).…”

Section: Shrink-swell Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because seasonal variation in precipitation is the primary determinant of soil cracking intensity, the relationship between cracking and annual precipitation is not monotonic. Cracking intensity is greater in warm, tropical environments and lesser in cool, temperate settings (Mermut et al 1996a). Depth of cracking, defined by the distal termination of clastic dikes, is controlled by the transition from dry to moist soil matrix (White 1972, Dudal & Eswaran 1988.…”

Section: Shrink-swell Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Slickenside development is typically strongest in the zone just below the depth of cracking (Blokhuis 1982), indicating that depth of desiccation and slickenside development are genetically linked. Environments with greater rainfall and seasonality generate slickensides at greater depth (Vadivelu & Challa 1985, Mermut et al 1996a). However, development of vertic characteristics varies relative to topography, becoming more pronounced in depressions (Wilding & Tessier 1988.…”

Section: Shrink-swell Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paleosols as Indicators of Paleoenvironment and Paleoclimate

Tabor

Myers

2015

Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.

157

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Paleosols are ancient soils that have been incorporated into the geological record. Soils form in response to interactions among the lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere, so paleosols potentially record physical, biological, and chemical information about past conditions near Earth's surface. As a result, paleosols are an important resource for terrestrial environmental and climatic reconstructions. Long-standing paleosol research topics include morphology, classification, and clay mineralogy, all of which provide information about pedogenic processes and local paleoenvironments. Paleosols are also used to infer processes involved in the development of stratigraphic architecture and basin evolution. Recent paleosol research has introduced semiquantitative and quantitative measures for environmental and chronometric reconstructions that provide insight into major regional to global changes in temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric pCO 2 . These new proxies focus on morphological and chemical transfer functions and stable isotope geochemistry to provide estimates of precipitation, temperature, pCO 2 , and productivity, as well as chronometric estimates of mineral crystallization in deep-time pedogenic systems. Looking forward, consensus must be reached on terminology that most effectively communicates paleosol characteristics and implies important processes. Proxy development will continue to improve as data sets become available across greater ranges of environments and timescales. 11.1

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Section: Shrink-swell Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Shrink-swell Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Shrink-swell Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paleosols as Indicators of Paleoenvironment and Paleoclimate

Tabor

Myers

2015

Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.

157

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“…The morphological properties are the most important characteristics for distinguishing Vertisols from soils of other orders (Mack & James, 1992; Mack et al. , 1993; Mermut et al. , 1996a; Schaetzl & Anderson, 2005).…”

Section: The Palaeosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate‐induced sediment‐palaeosol cycles in a Late Cretaceous dry aeolian sand sheet: Marília Formation (North‐West Bauru Basin, Brazil)

Basílici¹,

Bo²,

Ladeira

2009

Sedimentology

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Aeolian sand sheets, which are characterized by low relief surfaces that lack dunes, are common in arid and semi-arid climatic settings. The surface of an aeolian sand sheet can either be stable and subject to pedogenetic effects, or unstable such that it is affected by deflation or sedimentation. The Marília Formation (Late Cretaceous) may be interpreted as an ancient aeolian sand sheet area, where alternating phases of stability and instability of the accumulation surface have been recorded. Detailed field studies were carried out in several sections of the Marília Formation, where cyclic alternations of palaeosols and aeolian deposits were evident, using palaeopedological and facies analysis methods, supported in the laboratory by the analysis of rock samples, cut and polished in slabs, thin sections, scanning electron microscope images and X-ray diffraction data from the clay minerals. The deposits comprise three lithofacies that, in order of abundance, are characterized by: (i) translatent wind-ripple strata; (ii) flood deposits; and (iii) ephemeral river channel deposits. Palaeosols constitute, on average, 65% of the vertical succession. Three types of palaeosols (pedotypes) are recognized: (i) Aridisols; (ii) Entisols; and (iii) Vertisols. Erosional surfaces due to aeolian deflation divide the top of the palaeosol profiles from the overlying aeolian deposits. The palaeoenvironmental interpretation of the deposits and the palaeosols allows the depositional system of the Marília Formation to be defined as a flat area, dominated by aeolian sedimentation, with subordinate ephemeral river sedimentation, and characterized by a dry climatic setting with occasional rainfall. The climate is the main forcing factor controlling the alternation between episodes of active sedimentation and periods of palaeosol development. A climate-controlled model is proposed in which: (i) the palaeosols are indicative of a stable surface that is developed during the more humid climatic phases; and (ii) the erosional surfaces and the overlying aeolian sediments attest to periods of deflation and subsequent sedimentation, thereby increasing the availability of sediment during the drier climatic phases. The ephemeral fluvial deposits mark the more humid climatic conditions and contribute to the lagged sediment influx caused during the drier periods by the erosion of previously stored sediment.

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“…Для типа темных слитых почв по классификации почв России (2004, 2008), или вертисолей (Vertisols) по WRB (2014) и Soil Taxonomy (1999), или Vertosols по австралийской классификации (Isbell, 2008) характерно развитие процессов набухания и усадки в циклах увлажнения и высыхания почвы и сдвиговых деформаций почвенной массы (Blokhuis, 1982;Wilding, 1985;Jutzi et al, 1988;Wilding, Tassier, 1988; Ahmad, Mermut, 1996;Coulombe et al, 1996;Eswaran et al, 1999;Хитров, 2003). В ситуациях развития очень сильных боковых сдвиговых деформаций в почве происходит искривление дневной поверхности почвы с образованием специфического микрорельефа, который получил название гильгай (gilgai) (Hallsworth et al, 1955;Paton, 1974).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Statistic Indices for Bowl- And Diapir-Like Morphostructures of Vertisols in Vorontsovo Depression (Padi)

Хитров

Vlasenko

Rogovneva

2015

DSB

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Under description is a profile configuration represented by stratified bowllike morphostructures with the increased thickness of darkgray humus horizons and diaperlike morphostructures consisted of the olive-brown material ascending from the lower horizons in Vertisols developed on the bottom of a huge closed depression (padi) in Eisk peninsula. Histograms are presented to show statistic distribution and non-parametric statistic indices for morphometric characteristics of the above morphostructures. The statistic relationship between the morphometric indices is estimated. Under discussion is also the genesis of such morphostructures in Vertisols.

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Chapter 4 Soil morphology

Cited by 16 publications

References 36 publications

Paleosols as Indicators of Paleoenvironment and Paleoclimate

Paleosols as Indicators of Paleoenvironment and Paleoclimate

Climate‐induced sediment‐palaeosol cycles in a Late Cretaceous dry aeolian sand sheet: Marília Formation (North‐West Bauru Basin, Brazil)

Statistic Indices for Bowl- And Diapir-Like Morphostructures of Vertisols in Vorontsovo Depression (Padi)

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