Chapter 4 Susceptibility of Sharks, Rays and Chimaeras to Global Extinction

Field, Iain C.; Meekan, Mark G.; Buckworth, Rik C.; Bradshaw, Corey J. A.

doi:10.1016/s0065-2881(09)56004-x

Cited by 180 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 279 publications

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“…It would require an exercise akin to the Red List assessment; so here, we can only recommend these to be considered in future when such exercises are repeated. In our study, size is used as a reasonable proxy for other life history traits, which is in-keeping with other studies showing size to explain extinction risk 27,28 . Other variables in the RF were of lower importance (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Coherent assessments of Europe’s marine fishes show regional divergence and megafauna loss

et al. 2017

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Europe has a long tradition of exploiting marine fishes and is promoting marine economic activity through its Blue Growth strategy. This increase in anthropogenic pressure, along with climate change, threatens the biodiversity of fishes and food security. Here, we examine the conservation status of 1,020 species of European marine fishes and identify factors that contribute to their extinction risk. Large fish species (greater than 1.5 m total length) are most at risk; half of these are threatened with extinction, predominantly sharks, rays and sturgeons. This analysis was based on the latest International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) European regional Red List of marine fishes, which was coherent with assessments of the status of fish stocks carried out independently by fisheries management agencies: no species classified by IUCN as threatened were considered sustainable by these agencies. A remarkable geographic divergence in stock status was also evident: in northern Europe, most stocks were not overfished, whereas in the Mediterranean Sea, almost all stocks were overfished. As Europe proceeds with its sustainable Blue Growth agenda, two main issues stand out as needing priority actions in relation to its marine fishes: the conservation of marine fish megafauna and the sustainability of Mediterranean fish stocks.arine fishes exhibit high biodiversity 1,2 and have been culturally and nutritionally important throughout human history 3 . Europe, in particular, has a well-documented history of exploiting marine fish populations, written records of which commence in the classical works of ancient Greece. Although this historical exploitation has undoubtedly altered populations 4,5 and changed many seascapes 6 , marine defaunation in the region has not been as great as in terrestrial systems 7 . However, the use of ocean space and resources is increasing due to Europe's Blue Growth strategy 8 , the nutritional requirements of an expanding human population are growing 9,10 and marine ecosystems will experience unusually rapid changes in future due to climate change 11,12 . Consequently there are imminent threats both to European marine biodiversity and fish resources 13 . It is important, therefore, to assess the threats of extinction to fish species and to ensure consistency in the management approach by the various agencies involved.We analysed data on the conservation status of 1,020 species of Europe's marine fishes from the recent International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List assessments 14 to identify characteristics that make Europe's fishes most susceptible to extinction risk. We then compared the Red List with 115 fish stock assessments (of 31 species) made by intergovernmental agencies charged with providing advice on the exploitation of commercial fishes. Previous comparisons of this sort applied criteria under various modelling assumptions [15][16][17] or limited the comparison to biomass reference points 18 . ResultsOf the 1,020 European marine fish species that were asses...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Coherent assessments of Europe’s marine fishes show regional divergence and megafauna loss

et al. 2017

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“…Indeed globally, the number of skates and rays landed has been higher than landings of sharks since about 1975, suggesting skate populations may be at greater risk of overexploitation than in prior decades (Field et al 2009, Dulvy et al 2014. Previous research into species distributions and habitat preferences in the Rajidae is sparse and has relied principally on trawl data, either from fisheries (Serra-Pereira et al 2014), or from fishery independent surveys (Compagno et al 1991, Dulvy et al 2000, Hunter et al 2005b, Hunter et al 2006, Compagno & Ebert 2007, Maravelias et al 2012, Martin et al 2012.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike most teleosts, including plaice, skates are k-selected species with a late age at maturity and low fecundity, making them vulnerable to overexploitation (Field et al 2009, Dulvy et al 2014. They also lack a planktonic life history stage, resulting in reduced dispersal and low re-colonisation potential compared to teleost benthic predators (van der Molen et al 2007, Frisk et al 2014.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Two’s company, three’s a crowd: fine-scale habitat partitioning by depth among sympatric species of marine mesopredator

Humphries¹,

Simpson²,

Wearmouth³

et al. 2016

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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A sympatric assemblage of morphologically similar predators is expected to exhibit fine-scale habitat segregation, or resource partitioning, to reduce the effects of direct competition. This principle has been well studied for predators in terrestrial ecosystems.In the marine environment, how sympatric species of large predators spatially segregate at the finescale is poorly understood because detailed movement and behavioural data is often not available across multiple species within the same timeframe. How co-occurring congeneric predators separate spatially is even less well understood.Medium sized species of skates (Genus Raja) co-occur in temperate habitats of the north-east Atlantic Ocean, share similar morphologies and have distributional ranges that overlap significantly in the western English Channel ecosystem. Here, detailed depth time series retrieved from 89 electronic data storage tags attached to four species of skate were analysed to determine preferred depth ranges.The four species were found to segregate spatially into two groups, with one group having a significantly shallower core annual depth range than the other. To our knowledge fine-scale segregation by depth has not been observed previously. Interestingly the members of each species group appeared complementary, each group comprising species having different dietary preferences and with a larger and smaller body size.Habitat partitioning in marine predators 2 An understanding of how core depth ranges differ and how these species utilise vertical habitat has potential to predict geographic ranges around the coast with important implications for how these species interact with fisheries and Marine Protected Areas.

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“…mesopredators) in marine ecosystems (Cortés 1999, Barría et al 2015, Navia et al 2017. Though there have been several studies on elasmobranchs in recent decades (Field et al 2009, Navia et al 2017, few have focused on interactions among sympatric species, an important element for understanding how species that appear to be ecologically similar might coexist (e.g. Albo-Puigserver et al 2015, Barría et al 2015, Navia et al 2017.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative diets of sympatric batoid elasmobranchs in the Gulf of Oman

Rastgoo¹,

Navarro²,

Valinassab³

2018

Aquat. Biol.

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Documenting the interactions and mechanisms of coexistence among predators is important for understanding their ecological roles in food webs. Here, we examined the diet and trophic relationships of 6 demersal batoids coexisting in the Gulf of Oman by analyzing stomach contents. There were significant differences in diets among the batoid species, suggesting differential preferences. Diets of Gymnura poecilura and Torpedo sinuspersici were similar and consisted mostly of teleost fishes. In contrast, Brevitrygon walga and Rhinobatos punctifer mostly ate crustaceans. The diets of Maculabatis randalli and Pastinachus sephen were diverse and included crustaceans, teleosts, polychaetes, bivalves and echinoderms. The differences in diet among these batoids may be related to morphological differences in feeding structures and to differences in behavior, which could explain their diversity and coexistence in the Gulf of Oman.

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Chapter 4 Susceptibility of Sharks, Rays and Chimaeras to Global Extinction

Cited by 180 publications

References 279 publications

Coherent assessments of Europe’s marine fishes show regional divergence and megafauna loss

Coherent assessments of Europe’s marine fishes show regional divergence and megafauna loss

Two’s company, three’s a crowd: fine-scale habitat partitioning by depth among sympatric species of marine mesopredator

Comparative diets of sympatric batoid elasmobranchs in the Gulf of Oman

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