Chapter 5 The globalization of the poultry industry: Tyson Foods and Pilgrim's Pride in Mexico

Constance, Douglas H.; Martínez, Francisco; Aboites, Gilberto

doi:10.1108/s1057-1922(2010)0000016008

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…For the same year, the Mexican commercial poultry industry represented 64% of national livestock, with only a few companies sharing most of the market [ 27 ]. The sector is composed predominantly of highly integrated large-scale companies, with high standards of health and biosecurity practices, and high productive performance [ 28 , 29 ]. The national performance of the poultry industry in Mexico is similar to that of the United States, but with a higher mortality rate due to the occurrence of diseases [ 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of commercial poultry farms in Mexico: Towards a better understanding of biosecurity practices and antibiotic usage patterns

et al. 2020

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Mexico is one of the world’s major poultry producing countries. Two significant challenges currently facing the poultry industry are the responsible and judicious use of antimicrobials, and the potential occurrence of infectious disease outbreaks. For example, repeated outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H7N3 have occurred in poultry since its first detection in Mexico in 2012. Both of these challenges can be addressed through good husbandry practices and the application of on-farm biosecurity measures. The aims of this study were: (i) to assess the biosecurity measures practiced across different types of poultry farms in Mexico, and (ii) to collect information regarding antimicrobial usage. A cross-sectional study was carried out through on-farm interviews on 43 poultry farms. A multiple correspondence analysis was performed to characterize the farms based on their pattern of biosecurity practices and antimicrobial usage. Three clusters of farms were identified using an agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis. In each cluster, a specific farm type was predominant. The biosecurity measures that significantly differentiated the visited farms, thus allowing their clusterization, were: the use of personal protective equipment (e.g. face masks, hair caps, and eye protection), the requirement for a hygiene protocol before and after entering the farm, the use of exclusive working clothes by staff and visitors, footbath presence at the barn entrance, and the mortality disposal strategy. The more stringent the biosecurity measures on farms within a cluster, the fewer the farms that used antimicrobials. Farms with more biosecurity breaches used antimicrobials considered critically important for public health. These findings could be helpful to understand how to guide strategies to reinforce compliance with biosecurity practices identified as critical according to the farm type. We conclude by providing certain recommendations to improve on-farm biosecurity measures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of commercial poultry farms in Mexico: Towards a better understanding of biosecurity practices and antibiotic usage patterns

et al. 2020

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“…The dominant model of food animal production in the United States and increasingly in other countries is characterized by large-scale, high-throughput confinement operations with herds or flocks that can range in size from hundreds to hundreds of thousands of animals [ 1 , 2 ]. These animals are typically supplied with drinking water and grain-based feeds that may be amended with antimicrobial and other drugs for multiple purposes [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restrictions on antimicrobial use in food animal production: an international regulatory and economic survey

2013

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BackgroundThe administration of antimicrobial drugs to food animals at low doses for extended durations for growth promotion and disease prevention has been linked to the global health crisis of antimicrobial resistance. Internationally, multiple jurisdictions have responded by restricting antimicrobial use for these purposes, and by requiring a veterinary prescription to use these drugs in food animals. Opponents of these policies have argued that restrictions have been detrimental to food animal production where they have been adopted.MethodsWe surveyed the antimicrobial use policies of 17 political jurisdictions outside of the United States with respect to growth promotion, disease prevention, and veterinary oversight, and reviewed the available evidence regarding their production impacts, including measures of animal health. Jurisdictions were included if they were a top-five importer of a major U.S. food animal product in 2011, as differences between the policies of the U.S. and other jurisdictions may lead to trade barriers to U.S. food animal product exports. Jurisdictions were also included if information on their policies was publicly available in English. We searched the peer-reviewed and grey literatures and corresponded with jurisdictions’ U.S. embassies, regulators, and local experts.ResultsJurisdictions were categorized by whether they prohibit use of antimicrobials for growth promotion and/or use of antimicrobials without a veterinary prescription. Of the 17 jurisdictions surveyed, six jurisdictions have prohibited both types of use, five jurisdictions have prohibited one use but not the other use, and five jurisdictions have not prohibited either use, while information was not available for one jurisdiction. Data on the production impacts of these prohibitions were limited, although available data, especially from Denmark and Sweden, suggest that restrictions on growth promotion use can be implemented with minimal production consequences.ConclusionsA majority of leading U.S. trade partners have more stringent policies regarding antibiotic use and veterinary oversight in food animal production. Available data suggest that restrictions on growth promotion may not be detrimental to production in the long run, although additional research could be useful. There is evidence that discordance between the U.S. and other jurisdictions with respect to antimicrobial use in food animals may be detrimental to U.S. access to export markets for food animal products. The available economic evidence strengthens the rationale for restricting antimicrobial use in U.S. food animals.

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“…Foreign direct investment is particularly important in this sense because capital movements structure the movement of labour (Sassen 1988). Through fixed capital investments in both Mexico (see Constance et al 2010) and the USA, transnational corporations have laid down material and cultural infrastructures that not only trigger Mexican migration to the United States, but also channel it to specific destinations. Ultimately, this changing geography of international capital in the foodprocessing sector, which has generated a new demand for Mexican immigrant labour in non-traditional settlement areas of the USA, largely explains this new destination formation.…”

Section: New Destinations and Food-processing In The United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Networks of capital, networks for migration: political–economic integration and the changing geography of Mexico–US migration

Sanderson

2013

Global Networks

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While economic globalization has altered the geography of international migration and introduced an array of new sources and destinations, our understanding of the specific mechanisms that link economic globalization to migration remains limited. In this article, I attempt to extend previous research by undertaking an empirical case study of Mexican migration to the USA. Using a unique dataset, I construct multivariate models to test whether, in the context of economic integration, occupations channel migration between similar sectors of the Mexican and US economies. I focus on the food-processing sector because of its role in the geographic dispersal of Mexican immigration. The results show a strong channelling of Mexican immigration along an occupational line linking the Mexican and US food-processing sectors. The implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which ushered in a period of intensive political and economic integration, strengthened this occupational channel. By seeing the changing geography of Mexico-US migration in the context of economic globalization, this study casts light on the microlevel foundations of the globalization-migration nexus.

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Chapter 5 The globalization of the poultry industry: Tyson Foods and Pilgrim's Pride in Mexico

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Characterization of commercial poultry farms in Mexico: Towards a better understanding of biosecurity practices and antibiotic usage patterns

Characterization of commercial poultry farms in Mexico: Towards a better understanding of biosecurity practices and antibiotic usage patterns

Restrictions on antimicrobial use in food animal production: an international regulatory and economic survey

Networks of capital, networks for migration: political–economic integration and the changing geography of Mexico–US migration

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