Chapter 7 Splanchnic protein and amino acid metabolism in growing animals

Burrin, Douglas G.; Stoll, Barbara J.

doi:10.1016/s1877-1823(09)70014-1

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 298 publications

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“…Energy and protein are two important nutrients related to growth, protein accretion, and meat quality traits in food animals. The amount of tissue deposited as carcass components is primarily determined by the nutrition available for growth and development, especially protein and energy nutrients (Burrin & Mersmann, 2005). In the final product, consumers judge and value the quality expectations of meat largely based on appearance when determining their intent to purchase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of two dietary crude protein levels on finishing performance, meat quality, and gene expression of market lambs

Wang

Shelby

Apple

et al. 2021

Animal Science Journal

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Seventeen crossbred lambs were assigned randomly to low-protein (LP; 8% crude protein [CP]; n = 9) and high-protein (HP; 13% CP; n = 8) diets for 9 weeks. The final body weight, average daily feed intake (ADFI), and average daily gain (ADG) of the HP lambs were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the LP lambs; however, gain to feed ratio (G:F) for the LP lambs was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the HP lambs. Hot carcass weight (HCW), adjusted fat thickness, and drip loss of longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were significantly higher (P < 0.05) for the HP than LP lambs. In contrast, instrumental color values L*, a*, b*, C*, and hue angle (H) of meat from the LP lambs scored significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the HP lambs. The LD muscle from HP lambs had significantly greater CLA of cis-9 trans-11 isomer (P < 0.05) than the LP lambs. The gene expression of metabolism and meat quality-related genes of LP was significantly higher than HP (P < 0.05). These results suggest that a higher dietary CP level promotes growth performance for finishing lambs, whereas lower dietary CP level is beneficial for meat quality, especially when evaluating color characteristics in the final product.crude protein level, finishing lambs, gene expression, growth performance, meat quality | INTRODUCTIONRecently, studying the resilience of animals facing environmental challenging is not only becoming critical in animal industry but also in ensuring sustainable agriculture (Wilkes et al., 2012). Decreasing crude protein (CP) levels in diets of small ruminants reduces excess N excretion and feed cost for producers (Cole et al., 2003). It was reported that lambs need less CP content during finishing period compared with immature stage (National Research Council, 1985).The feasibility of providing the CP level, which is lower than the requirement of finishing lambs, is still unknown.Animal performance and meat quality characteristics are two of the most important measures of production value because of the strong relationship between industry income and consumer preferences (Grunert et al., 2004). Nutritional deficiencies in young, growing animals are reflected more quickly than in mature animals due to their higher basal metabolic rate (National Research Council, 1958; USDA & Grazing Lands Technology Institute, 1997). Energy and protein are two important nutrients related to growth, protein accretion, and meat quality traits in food animals. The amount of tissue deposited as carcass components is primarily determined by the nutrition available for growth and development, especially protein and energy nutrients

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of two dietary crude protein levels on finishing performance, meat quality, and gene expression of market lambs

Wang

Shelby

Apple

et al. 2021

Animal Science Journal

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“…Cysteine availability and local GSH concentration have a direct influence on epithelial cell proliferation and survival and are inversely proportional to cellular differentiation state. Methionine availability and its conversion to cysteine and GSH via transsulphuration may be important for maintenance of normal intestinal and hepatic cell proliferation and survival (Burrin and Stoll 2005). Milk is an important source of essential aminoacids and the content of methionine is relatively high (28 g/kg protein, 1.02 g/l milk) and the content of cysteine is lower (7 g/kg protein, 0.26 g/l milk) (Jensen 2005).…”

Section: Meanmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evaluation of glutathione concentration in whole blood of Holstein dairy calves

et al. 2019

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of total (T-GSH), oxidized (GSSG) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in blood of clinically healthy calves, to assess the effect of sex and age together with the type of feeding on its concentrations, and to assess the relationships between glutathione and metabolic indices. A total of 117 Holstein calves at the age of 1 day to 6 months were divided according to age and together with the type of feeding into 4 groups: colostrum and transition milk (n = 20), native milk (n = 39), milk replacer (n = 29) and total mixed ration (n = 29). Blood serum was used for the assessment of the metabolic profile of calves. The concentrations of individual forms of glutathione (mean ± SEM) were as follows: T-GSH: 789.1 ± 19.4 µmol/l, GSSG: 54.2 ± 4.3 µmol/l, GSH: 681.6 ± 15.3 µmol/l, and GSH/GSSG: 41.1 ± 5.9, with the coefficients of variability of 26.6%, 85.3%, 24.3% and 157.4%, respectively. Age and the type of feeding affected GSSG (P ≤ 0.01) and GSH/GSSG (P ≤ 0.01). The relationships between glutathione and biochemical parameters were mostly weak. T-GSH correlated with creatinine (P ≤ 0.05) and chlorides (P ≤ 0.05); GSSG correlated with albumin (P ≤ 0.01), creatinine (P ≤ 0.01), cholesterol (P ≤ 0.05), aspartate aminotransferase (P ≤ 0.01), alanine aminotransferase (P ≤ 0.01), gamma-glutamyltransferase (P ≤ 0.05) and calcium (P ≤ 0.05); GSH/GSSG ratio correlated with creatinine (P ≤ 0.01), cholesterol (P ≤ 0.05), aspartate aminotransferase (P ≤ 0.05), gamma-glutamyltransferase (P ≤ 0.01) and calcium (P ≤ 0.05). The evaluation of individual forms of glutathione helps in estimation of redox status in healthy animals and their monitoring can detect the stress extent.

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“…The major metabolic fate of amino acids is protein synthesis; however, they can also be catabolized in the liver and the gut by deamination and used to synthetize glucose (Stoll, 2005) and/or fatty acids (Mersmann and Smith, 2005). Part of the digestible protein fraction will be deposited as body protein (PD, g/d).…”

Section: Energy Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the ability of the NE system to predict growth performance and energy utilization of growing pigs

Camargo

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The net energy (NE) system describes the useful energy for growth better than the metabolizable energy (ME) system. This NE system should maintain growth performance and carcass parameters when diverse ingredients are used. However, this statement needs to be demonstrated in practice. This study compared the pig growth performance, carcass characteristics and caloric efficiency on diet programs formulated using either the ME or NE systems. A total of 944 gilts and 1,110 castrates (initial BW=40.8±2.0 kg) were allotted to separate pens and assigned to one of 5 different feeding programs. A simple corn-soybean meal control (Ctl) served as the basis to establish baseline levels of ME and NE concentrations. One set of two treatments added DDGS to the Ctl diet formulated using the ME or the NE system (ME-D and NE-D; respectively) and another set of diets that added both DDGS and corn germ meal and was formulated using the ME or the NE system (ME-DC and NE-DC; respectively).

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Chapter 7 Splanchnic protein and amino acid metabolism in growing animals

Cited by 3 publications

References 298 publications

Effects of two dietary crude protein levels on finishing performance, meat quality, and gene expression of market lambs

Effects of two dietary crude protein levels on finishing performance, meat quality, and gene expression of market lambs

The evaluation of glutathione concentration in whole blood of Holstein dairy calves

Evaluating the ability of the NE system to predict growth performance and energy utilization of growing pigs

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