CHAPTER 7. Synthesis of HMF in Ionic Liquids: Biomass-Derived Products

Jang, Guang‐Way; Wong, Jinn-Jong; Huang, Ying-Ting; Li, Chia‐Ling

doi:10.1039/9781782622598-00202

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“…The chemical transformation of biomass into platform molecules can be extremely challenging, owing to complex chemistries, and/or is tediously slow. Fe‐NHCs have been used for conversion of fructose into 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in good yields . However, most of the systems are homogeneous and therefore present challenges in product separation and/or catalyst recovery and recycling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Starbon/High‐Amylose Corn Starch‐Supported N‐Heterocyclic Carbene–Iron(III) Catalyst for Conversion of Fructose into 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural

et al. 2018

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Iron-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes (Fe-NHCs) have come to prominence because of their applicability in diverse catalytic reactions, ranging from C-C cross-coupling and C-X bond formation to substitution, reduction, polymerization, and dehydration reactions. The detailed synthesis, characterization, and application of novel heterogeneous Fe-NHC catalysts immobilized on mesoporous expanded high-amylose corn starch (HACS) and Starbon 350 (S350) for facile fructose conversion into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is reported. Both catalyst types showed good performance for the dehydration of fructose to HMF when the reaction was tested at 100 °C with varying time (10 min, 20 min, 0.5 h, 1 h, 3 h and 6 h). For Fe-NHC/S350, the highest HMF yield was 81.7 % (t=0.5 h), with a TOF of 169 h , fructose conversion of 95 %, and HMF selectivity of 85.7 %, whereas for Fe-NHC/expanded HACS, the highest yield was 86 % (t=0.5 h), with a TOF of 206 h , fructose conversion of 87 %, and HMF selectivity of 99 %. Iron loadings of 0.26 and 0.30 mmol g were achieved for Fe-NHC/expanded starch and Fe-NHC/S350, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%