Chapter 9: Russia’s Agri-Food Trade with the Middle East and North Africa

Heigermoser, Maximilian; Jaghdani, Tinoush Jamali; Götz, Linde

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-77451-6_10

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Besides, Algeria does not show dependence on Russia or Ukraine regarding grain, which is imported from France ( 38 ). Algeria, the third largest wheat importer in the world, has for a long time disallowed the import of Russian wheat ( 39 ). Furthermore, as a significant gas-exporting country, rising gas prices can help mitigate some of the food-related impacts in Algeria, or reduce its high dependence on oils and fats from Russia.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the same time, despite Russia accounting for a large amount of grains imported to Turkey, Turkey is largely self-sufficient in wheat and barley, while it exports processed wheat flour to other countries in the region, such as Iraq, Syria and Yemen. Turkey is the world’s largest wheat flour exporter ( 39 ). Turkish–Russian food relations remain important, and they have not suffered from the temporary bans on Russian grain exports, e.g., to ex-Soviet countries ( 43 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Caught off guard and beaten: The Ukraine war and food security in the Middle East

Al‐Saidi

2023

Front. Nutr.

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The Ukraine war has led to a severe global food crisis due to complex supply disruptions and price increases of agricultural inputs. Countries of the Middle East have been directly affected because of their high dependence on food imports from Russia and Ukraine. Furthermore, this food crisis comes at times of high baseline vulnerability due to the compound impacts of COVID-19, repeated food shocks, and weakened states due to political-economic difficulties. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the food-related vulnerability of Middle Eastern countries in the wake of the Ukraine war. It contextualizes the varying impacts of this crisis in the region, and highlights country-level response strategies. The analysis shows a concerning and deepened crisis in the case of highly exposed and politically fragile countries with weakened food sectors; e.g., Lebanon, Sudan, and Yemen. Political-economic instabilities, limited domestic agriculture, and the lack of reliable grain reserves have aggravated the current food crisis in some countries. At the same time, indigenous short-term responses related to regional aid and cooperation have emerged, particularly in the Gulf countries, which have witnessed soaring revenues from higher energy prices. Alongside more regional frameworks for collaboration on food security, future action to mitigate such food crises should include the strengthening of local sustainable agriculture, storage capacities, and grain procurement strategies from international suppliers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caught off guard and beaten: The Ukraine war and food security in the Middle East

Al‐Saidi

2023

Front. Nutr.

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“…Russischer Weizen wird hauptsächlich von Ländern im Nahen Osten und Nordafrika (MENA) importiert, wobei Ägypten und die Türkei die wichtigsten Zielmärkte sind (Heigermoser et al, 2021). In den vergangenen Jahren hat Russlands Aktivität auf den Weizenimportmärkten der stark von Nahrungsmittelimporten abhängigen, einkommensschwachen Länder in Südostasien und Subsahara-Afrika zugenommen (Heigermoser et al, 2022). So beziehen über 20 Länder in Nordafrika und Subsahara-Afrika mindestens 30 % ihrer Weizenimporte aus Russland (Durchschnitt 2018 bis 2020).…”

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Getreidehandel und Exportbeschränkungen während des Ukrainekrieges

Götz¹,

Svanidze²

2023

Wirtschaftsdienst

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Supply chain disruptions related to the Ukraine war have led to a decline in wheat exports from Russia and Ukraine to African countries, which has been largely offset by an increase in wheat exports from other countries. However, fears that disruptions in the grain supply chain will be exacerbated by Russia’s use of grain exports as a weapon and the expansion of economic and financial sanctions by Western countries, as well as the threat of the termination of the Black Sea Grain Initiative, have greatly increased risks in the global grain supply chain. Food security in African countries has therefore been mainly negatively affected by rising food prices, which have limited access to food and thus food security.

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Countries’ vulnerability to food supply disruptions caused by the Russia–Ukraine war from a trade dependency perspective

Zhang,

Abdullah,

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Disruptions of key food and fertilizer exports from Russia and Ukraine have exposed many countries to challenges accessing some commodities since these countries’ war began. We evaluated the short-term, external, and direct impacts of disruptions of six food commodities and three types of fertilizer supplies from Russia and Ukraine on food access for all trading partners of the two countries by applying a set of trade and socioeconomic indicators. We found that the external food supplies of 279 countries and territories were affected to varying degrees; 24 countries—especially Georgia, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, and Mongolia—are extremely vulnerable because they depend almost entirely on a variety of food imports from Russia and Ukraine. Access to fertilizers was affected in 136 countries and territories, particularly Estonia (potassic fertilizer), Mongolia (nitrogenous fertilizers), Kazakhstan (mixed fertilizers), and Brazil, the United States, China, and India (all types of fertilizers). An integrated assessment of countries’ import types, purchasing power parity per capita, and populations indicated that the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Egypt, and Pakistan are most vulnerable to such supply disruptions. Development of research into diversification and decentralization strategies for food access is needed to guide stable food supply policies.

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Chapter 9: Russia’s Agri-Food Trade with the Middle East and North Africa

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Caught off guard and beaten: The Ukraine war and food security in the Middle East

Caught off guard and beaten: The Ukraine war and food security in the Middle East

Getreidehandel und Exportbeschränkungen während des Ukrainekrieges

Countries’ vulnerability to food supply disruptions caused by the Russia–Ukraine war from a trade dependency perspective

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