Chapter A7. Section 7.4. Algal biomass indicators

Berkman, Julie A. Hambrook; Canova, Michael G.

doi:10.3133/twri09a7.4

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A temperature logger (HOBO; Onset Computer) was deployed at the center trap at each wetland, at approximately 10 cm below the water surface, which collected data every 10 min while insects were trapped during the bird breeding season. Turbidity was estimated with a Secchi disk in 2015 (Berkman and Canova 2007) and with an AquaFluor ® Handheld Fluorometer and Turbidimeter in 2016 (2018-2020 Turner Designs; International Organization for Standards 1990; US Environmental Protection Agency 1999).…”

Section: Wetland Assessment and Water Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross‐Ecosystem Fluxes of Pesticides from Prairie Wetlands Mediated by Aquatic Insect Emergence: Implications for Terrestrial Insectivores

Kraus

Kuivila

Hladik

et al. 2021

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Contaminants alter the quantity and quality of insect prey available to terrestrial insectivores. In agricultural regions, the quantity of aquatic insects emerging from freshwaters can be impacted by insecticides originating from surrounding croplands. We hypothesized that, in such regions, adult aquatic insects could also act as vectors of pesticide transfer to terrestrial food webs. To estimate insect-mediated pesticide flux from wetlands embedded in an important agricultural landscape, semipermanetly and temporarily ponded wetlands were surveyed in cropland and grassland landscapes across a natural salinity gradient in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota (USA) during the bird breeding season in 2015 and 2016 (n = 14 and 15 wetlands, respectively). Current-use pesticides, including the herbicide atrazine and the insecticides bifenthrin and imidacloprid, were detected in newly emerged insects. Pesticide detections were similar in insects emerging from agricultural and grassland wetlands. Biomass of emerging aquatic insects decreased 43%, and insectmediated pesticide flux increased 50% along the observed gradient in concentrations of insecticides in emerging aquatic insects (from 3 to 577 ng total insecticide g -1 insect). Overall, adult aquatic insects were estimated to transfer between 2 and 180 µg total pesticide wetland -1 d -1 to the terrestrial ecosystem. In one of the 2 study years, biomass of emerging adult aquatic insects was also 73% lower from agricultural than grassland wetlands and was dependent on salinity. Our results suggest that accumulated insecticides reduce the availability of adult aquatic insect prey for insectivores and potentially increase insectivore exposure to insect-borne pesticides. Adult aquatic insects retain pesticides across metamorphosis and may expose insectivores living near both agricultural and grassland wetlands to dietary sources of toxic chemicals.

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Section: Wetland Assessment and Water Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chlorophyll-a (Chl a) samples were collected by filtering water through a type A/E glass fiber filter in the field until the filter was covered with particulate (30-150 mL of water) and storing in aluminum foil (Berkman and Canova 2007).…”

Section: Wetland Assessment and Water Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross‐Ecosystem Fluxes of Pesticides from Prairie Wetlands Mediated by Aquatic Insect Emergence: Implications for Terrestrial Insectivores

Kraus

Kuivila

Hladik

et al. 2021

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…After 20 days, each fritted glass disc was removed, placed in a pre-washed polyphenylene ether container, and kept in a dark freezer (−18°C) until processing. We used chlorophyll a (Chl a), a photosynthetic pigment common in all autotrophs, as a proxy for autotrophic biomass (Hambrook Berkman & Canova, 2007). We measured biofilm Chl a concentrations by extracting each fritted glass disc with 15 mL of 90% HPLC-grade buffered acetone.…”

Section: Nutrient-diffusing Substratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, we calculated the autotrophic index (AI) as AFDM divided by Chl a (Steinman et al, 2006). Throughout, we use Chl a concentration as a measure of autotrophic biomass, AFDM as a measure of total biofilm biomass, and AI as a relative measure of heterotrophic biomass (Bechtold et al, 2012;Hambrook Berkman & Canova, 2007).…”

Section: Benthic Biofilmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced N‐Limitation and Increased In‐Stream Productivity of Autotrophic Biofilms 5 and 15 Years After Severe Wildfire

2021

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The ecosystem services provided by forests are under threat as wildfire frequency and severity increase throughout the western US. Severe wildfire can change physical environments and biogeochemical processes in watersheds with lasting effects on watershed nutrient cycling. For example, nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3 -N) export often increases following wildfire and can remain elevated for decades in severely burned watersheds. In this study, we investigated the effects of wildfire on stream biotic processing and watershed nutrient balance following two wildfires that burned along the Colorado Front Range. We evaluated stream water chemistry, nutrient limitation, benthic biomass, and stream metabolism along stream reaches within three burned and three unburned watersheds from July 26 to August 16, 2017. Although the two high-severity wildfires occurred 5 and 15 years prior to the study, the streams draining burned watersheds still had 23-times higher NO 3 -N concentrations than unburned watersheds, a trend that is consistent across seasons and throughout the 15-year post-fire record. Autotrophic nitrogen (N) limitation was reduced in the nitrate-rich burned streams. Consequently, autotrophic biomass and primary productivity were 2.5 and 20-times greater, respectively, in burned relative to unburned streams. Together, these data suggest that N supply from burned uplands exceeded the increase in stream N demand and was the primary cause of chronic, elevated NO 3 -N export from these severely burned watersheds. Accordingly, aquatic ecosystems within or downstream of burned watersheds may be susceptible to eutrophication and harmful algal blooms until vegetation recovery and plant nutrient demand reduce N supply to streams. Plain Language SummaryIncreasing wildfire severity and frequency can alter aquatic ecosystems. Severe wildfire kills vegetation which reduces plant nitrogen demand and increases nitrogen transport from soils to streams. This is a concern for clean drinking water as excess nitrogen can cause harmful algal blooms and complicate water treatment. This research focused on nitrate, a dissolved form of nitrogen that is transported with subsurface water from hillslopes to streams. Stream nitrate concentrations often increase after wildfire and can remain high for decades. To better understand what processes may contribute to elevated post-fire nitrate, we compared the amount and activity of algae and bacteria living in streams within burned and unburned watersheds. Burned streams had 2.5-times more algae and those algae were 20-times more productive than in the unburned streams. Although the higher algal growth in burned streams would consume substantial nitrogen, stream nitrate was 23-times higher in burned relative to unburned streams. This suggests that nitrate supply from burned hillslopes exceeded the demands of stream biota in post-fire landscapes. Our findings suggest that stream biota may partially reduce post-fire stream nitrate concentrations, while also highlighting the importance of terrestrial vegeta...

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“…Nutrients (phosphate, silicate, nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium; µM), total nitrogen (µM), total phosphorus (µM), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC; mg L −1 ) were measured at the University of Washington Department of Oceanography, following methods listed on the website of the Marine Chemistry Laboratory [51,52]. Particulate organic matter (POM; mg L −1 ) concentration was measured gravimetrically as ash-free dry mass and processed at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center following the methods of Hambrook-Berkman and Canova [53].…”

Section: Environmental Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invertebrate and Microbial Response to Hyporheic Restoration of an Urban Stream

Morley¹,

Rhodes²,

Baxter³

et al. 2021

Water

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All cities face complex challenges managing urban stormwater while also protecting urban water bodies. Green stormwater infrastructure and process-based restoration offer alternative strategies that prioritize watershed connectivity. We report on a new urban floodplain restoration technique being tested in the City of Seattle, USA: an engineered hyporheic zone. The hyporheic zone has long been an overlooked component in floodplain restoration. Yet this subsurface area offers enormous potential for stormwater amelioration and is a critical component of healthy streams. From 2014 to 2017, we measured hyporheic temperature, nutrients, and microbial and invertebrate communities at three paired stream reaches with and without hyporheic restoration. At two of the three pairs, water temperature was significantly lower at the restored reach, while dissolved organic carbon and microbial metabolism were higher. Hyporheic invertebrate density and taxa richness were significantly higher across all three restored reaches. These are some of the first quantified responses of hyporheic biological communities to restoration. Our results complement earlier reports of enhanced hydrologic and chemical functioning of the engineered hyporheic zone. Together, this research demonstrates that incorporation of hyporheic design elements in floodplain restoration can enhance temperature moderation, habitat diversity, contaminant filtration, and the biological health of urban streams.

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Chapter A7. Section 7.4. Algal biomass indicators

Abstract: 2-ABI 7.4.4 Periphyton sampling procedures for chlorophyll and ash-free dry mass in streams, lakes, reservoirs, and large rivers ..

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Cross‐Ecosystem Fluxes of Pesticides from Prairie Wetlands Mediated by Aquatic Insect Emergence: Implications for Terrestrial Insectivores

Cross‐Ecosystem Fluxes of Pesticides from Prairie Wetlands Mediated by Aquatic Insect Emergence: Implications for Terrestrial Insectivores

Reduced N‐Limitation and Increased In‐Stream Productivity of Autotrophic Biofilms 5 and 15 Years After Severe Wildfire

Invertebrate and Microbial Response to Hyporheic Restoration of an Urban Stream

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