Character Improvement of Red Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Cv. Barak Cenana by Mutagenesis using Gamma Irradiation

Abstract

Red rice cv. Barak Cenana is a local Indonesian rice which is widely planted in Tabanan Regency, Bali. Barak Cenana red rice has potential as a functional food because it contains a lot of nutrients. However, this rice has an unfavorable character, such as long harvest time so that it can only be harvested once a year, and tall stature that causes plants to lodge easily, reducing its productivity. This study aims to determine the effect of gamma rays on growth and development as well as changes in character to obtain mutants plants that have better character. In this research, Barak Cenana seeds were irradiated using gamma rays with irradiation doses of 100 gy, 200 gy, 400 gy, and 800 gy. Furthermore, radiated seeds were planted in the greenhouse and characterized during the vegetative and generative phases including shoot length, harvest time, chlorophyll content, the number of productive tillers, the number of grain contents, the weight of 1,000 seeds, and the polymorphism profile using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis (RAPD). The results of this study indicate that all radiation doses produce plants with random characters. Mutations using gamma rays at doses of 100 gy and 400 gy produced plants with better phenotypic characters than wild-type that is shorter plants, shorter harvest times, and more grain content. In addition, the results of the RAPD analysis confirm that there are genetic changes in irradiated rice. This mutants has the potential to reproduce germplasm and to obtain the next generation of mutants that have higher productivity and shorter plant heights.

Vigor and Viability Testing of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Local Mutant Germplasm of Padang Pariaman through Gamma Irradiation

“…Hasil yang serupa didapatkan dalam penelitian Islam, Azad, dan Nath (2014), di mana dosis sinar gamma 350-450 Gy menurunkan tingkat perkecambahan dan kelangsungan hidup sebesar 50%. Menurut Prabhandaru dan Saputro (2017), perlakuan 0 Gy dan 100 Gy memberikan hasil yang sama yaitu 80%, sedangkan perlakuan 200 Gy dan 300 Gy memberikan hasil penurunan masingmasing 70% dan 60%, dan Pujiyanti et al, (2021) menemukan bahwa benih yang diradiasi dengan dosis 400 dan 800 Gy memberikan pengaruh negatif terhadap pertumbuhan tunas kecambah Barak Cenana, dan hal serupa juga sitemukan dalam penelitian Megasari dan Asmuliani (2023).…”

Produktivitas dan Kandungan Protein Beras Mutan M6 Hasil Iradiasi Sinar Gamma pada Benih Padi Varietas Mentik Susu

“…Hasil penyinaran sinar gamma 100 Gy dan 200 Gy yang diberikan terhadap benih padi Mentik Susu mempengaruhi proses fotosintesis tanaman mutan sehingga fotosintat yang dihasilkan juga maksimal, hal ini sejalan dengan pernyataan Nasution et al (2017) bahwa berat kering gabah dapat menunjukkan tinggi rendahnya produktivitas tanaman. Sinar gamma mempengaruhi karakter berat biji perumpun sehingga hasil yang heterogen, karena mutasi menurut Pujiyanti et al (2021) meningkatkan kultivar secara signifikan dengan memodifikasi suatu karakter dari tanaman dan memunculkan sifat yang baru. Galur terpilih berdasarkan karakter berat biji per rumpun antara lain galur G11T22-19-B2-T37, G11T22-19-B1-T38, G39T7-29-B4-T20(1), M-MS2-G18T7-4-12-T18, M-MS2-G15T3-2-14-T61, M-MS2-G15T3-2-14-T28, M-MS2-G15T3-4-15-T1.…”

Seedlings and Vegetative Stage of Red Rice as Affected by Induction Gamma-Rays under Saline Stress

“…Similar studies have been reported by Kumar et al (2013) that low-dose gamma irradiation of 200 Gy significantly increased the germination of the BPT-5204 variety of rice plants, but high doses ranging from 400 to 2000 Gy resulted in germination inhibition. Pujiyanti et al (2021) found that the gamma irradiation dose of 400 to 800 Gy on the Barak Cenana variety of red rice harmed seedlings growth. Macovei et al (2014) added that there were a decrease in chlorophyll (a, b, total) and lipid peroxidation levels in rice seeds due to highdose of rays (100-200 Gy) compared to lowdose (25-50 Gy) under 100 mM NaCl salinity stress, but there was an increased hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), proline levels, enzymes of ascorbate peroxide, catalase, and glutathione reductase.…”