Characterisation and variation of agarwood resins from Gyrinops walla

Alwis, W.N.H. de; Subasinghe, S.; Hettiarachchi, D.S.

doi:10.26525/jtfs2019.31.2.222229

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…National Standardization of Indonesia (2011) defined agarwood as a forest product with various unique shapes and a high content of fragrant resin from the tree that grows naturally and has died due to an artificial or natural infection process. Agarwood is one of the most popular forest products due to its various uses, which include perfume, traditional medicine, and religious rituals (de Alwis et al 2019;Kang 2021). High-quality agarwood can be worth approximately 30,000 USD per kg, making it one of the most expensive natural resources compared to other oleoresin (Jayachandran 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The anatomical structure of the root, stem, and branch of Gyrinops versteegii trees from different growing sites

ADIMAHAVIRA,

LUKMANDARU,

PUJIARTI

et al. 2023

Biodiversitas

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Abstract. Adimahavira A, Lukmandaru G, Pujiharti R, Prastiwi FW, Nugroho WD. 2023. The anatomical structure of the root, stem, and branch of Gyrinops versteegii trees from different growing sites. Biodiversitas 24: 4590-4598. Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg) Domke is an agarwood (Gaharu)-producing species with a unique color and very expensive fragrance. Even so, studies on the effects of growing sites on the wood anatomical structure of several parts of G. versteegii have not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the anatomical structure of G. versteegii on the tree's root, stem, and branch at two different growing sites. Three five-year-old G. versteegii trees from Pacitan and Klaten Districts (Indonesia) were used for the experiment and were harvested from the root, stem, and branch. The wood samples were then put in a glutaraldehyde solution for 24 hours and later in an alcohol solution. The samples were sliced in microtome (15-20 µm) and observed in the transverse, tangential, and radial sections. The results showed that the anatomical characteristics, such as vessel diameter, ray height, ray frequency, interxylary phloem proportion, and frequency differed significantly between growing sites. Furthermore, fiber length, vessel diameter, ray height, ray frequency, and interxylary phloem proportion significantly differed among plant parts. In addition, the branch part has the highest interxylary phloem value, indicating the possibility of a high agarwood resin deposit when agarwood stimulation is applied.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The anatomical structure of the root, stem, and branch of Gyrinops versteegii trees from different growing sites

ADIMAHAVIRA,

LUKMANDARU,

PUJIARTI

et al. 2023

Biodiversitas

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“…The tree produces a unique fragrance oil and compound, which causes the demand in the international trade for cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, religious practices scents, and perfume production. The attractive aroma of agarwood, which receives high ritual and social significance in Asian, Indian, and Middle Eastern cultures, is released once the piece of heartwood is gently burnt" [8]. Agarwood is widely used in therapeutic perfumes, as traditional medicine, an aromatic food ingredient and for religious purposes [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-treatment Enhances the Germination and Early Growth of Aquilaria agallocha Lam. (Agarwood)

Mangang

Dilip

Ranibala

et al. 2022

IJECC

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The imposition of pre-sowing treatment has been playing a crucial role for enhancing the germination percentage of the forest species and its succeeding growth stages. On this contention, a preliminary study was conducted to understand the impact of different pre-sowing treatments on Aquilaria agallocha Lam. (Agarwood) and its early growth behaviour. In this present study, the seeds were subjected to six different pre-sowing treatments. Among the pre-sowing treatments, soaking in water at room temperature for 24 hrs (T3) has resulted the maximum germination percentage (55.25%) as compared to other counterparts. On an average, there was an increase of 49%, 47%, 38%, 40% and 49% of germination percentage, germination capacity, germination energy, peak value and mean daily germination respectively in T3 over control (T6). Similarly, the early seedling growth of the agarwood was also influenced by imposition of different pre-sowing treatments. And all the seedling growth parameters viz., shoot length (cm), root length (cm), seedling length (cm) and seedling vigour index were recorded maximum in T3 as compared to rest of the treatments.

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“…A previous study conducted at the University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka, con rmed that both Aspergillus niger and Fusarium solani are capable of forming agarwood in Gyrinops walla (Subasinghe et al, 2019). Dias (2016) optimized a liquid culture media of the above two species for use as a successful inoculum for agarwood resin formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Agarwood Resin Inducement Method Using Mycotoxins of Selected Fungal Species

Subasinghe

Malithi

Withanage

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Agarwood is a dark, fragrant, valuable resinous wood produced in Aquilaria and Gyrinops tree species in the family Thymelaeaceae to protect internal tissues from microbial infections. Aspergillus niger and Fusarium solani are well known to induce agarwood resin formation. This study demonstrated for the first time that agarwood resin formation can be induced by the mycotoxins of A. niger and F. solani. Different volumes of mycotoxins extracted from the ASP-U strain (USJCC-0059) of A. niger and the FUS-U strain (USJCC-0060) of F. solani were inoculated into A. crassna trees at 1 m intervals. The impacts of the inoculations were observed through resin content and constituent analysis at 7 months after inoculation. Resin production due to the mycotoxins of ASP-U and FUS-U was restricted to ±20 cm and ±60 cm, respectively, from the inoculation point. Color of the resinous agarwood varied from yellowish-brown to black. The differences in resin content formation due to the different inoculant volumes of ASP-U and FUS-U were statistically significant, and the average resin contents varied from 0.89%-4.44% and 1.24%-9.20%, respectively. GC-MS analysis detected 27 constituents responsible for the characteristic aroma of agarwood resin. Among them, phenyl butanone, agarofuran, agarospirol, β-caryophyllene, alloaromadendrene oxide and (-)guaiene-1(10),11-diene-15-ol were found in all extracts. These are common in commercially available agarwood induced by fungal species. Hence, we demonstrated that the mycotoxins of specific fungal strains can be used for agarwood production. Therefore, chemically synthesized mycotoxins can be used at commercial-scale, eliminating the difficulties of maintaining live fungal cultures for agarwood production.

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Characterisation and variation of agarwood resins from Gyrinops walla

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

The anatomical structure of the root, stem, and branch of Gyrinops versteegii trees from different growing sites

The anatomical structure of the root, stem, and branch of Gyrinops versteegii trees from different growing sites

Pre-treatment Enhances the Germination and Early Growth of Aquilaria agallocha Lam. (Agarwood)

A Novel Agarwood Resin Inducement Method Using Mycotoxins of Selected Fungal Species

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