Characterisation by XPS of the corrosion patina formed on bronze surfaces

Squarcialupi, Maria Cristina; Bernardini, G. P.; Faso, Valentina; Atrei, A.; Rovida, G.

doi:10.1016/s1296-2074(02)01179-2

Cited by 54 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, no specific nitrogen compounds were detected in the corrosion products. [17][18][19][20]. However, their absence has also been reported in archaeological cases [6].…”

Section: Chemical and Metallurgical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical evaluation of patinas formed on nineteenth century bronze bells

2009

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The cathedral of Cuernavaca City, Mexico is one of the earliest monuments built in the American Continent by the Spanish Conquerors. The cathedral lodges a collection of historic artifacts including eight bells. The aim of this study was to provide preliminary information for the conservation diagnosis of the historic bells. A set of three bells dating back to the nineteenth century was studied. Two of the bells present a crack and the third and oldest remains complete. Metallurgical characterization and electrochemical evaluation were used to describe the behavior of the patinas formed on the surfaces of the bells. Studies were done ''in situ'' over the surface of the artifacts. Preliminary experiments were carried out using a modern cast bronze with equivalent chemical composition. Besides the useful information for conservation purposes, the work depicts the behavior of an ancient material exposed to the atmosphere for a long period of time. The obtained data suggest a relationship between alloy composition, especially tin and lead content and electrochemical properties of the materials. Techniques used include potential measurements as function of time, potentiodynamic polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, electrochemical noise as well as metallography.

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“…However, no specific nitrogen compounds were detected in the corrosion products. [17][18][19][20]. However, their absence has also been reported in archaeological cases [6].…”

Section: Chemical and Metallurgical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical evaluation of patinas formed on nineteenth century bronze bells

2009

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“…On the basis of the results from curve fitting, the peak assignments (binding energy) for each spectral region was made by referring to XPS online database and cited references [17][18][19][20] for qualitative and speciation analysis. The relative elemental compositions, at%, derived from peak areas were considered for semi-quantitative analysis, and to confirm the compounds' stoichiometry, the peak areas were cross-checked through a combined mass balance, i.e.…”

Section: Xps Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical characterization of corrosion products of copper and its alloys on stained stone surfaces

Macchia¹,

Tabasso

Salvi

et al. 2013

Surface & Interface Analysis

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Monuments, where stone and metals or metallic alloys are used together, are very frequently met in all historical periods and in all countries. In the case of bronze and other copper alloys, their corrosion products can be dissolved by the action of acid rain and thus reach the porous building materials in contact with (or near to) the metallic structures. Once absorbed by the stone, they precipitate on the external stone surface and inside its porous space. As the majority of these products are coloured, their precipitates may produce stains, which are perceived as unpleasant alterations of the original values' of the stone monuments. The removal of stains is therefore required on the occasion of conservation treatments. The paper reports on the characterisation of copper corrosion products found on two, very different, monuments in Rome: Fontana delle Tartarughe' (by T. Landini, last quarter of the 16th century) and Statua dello Studente' (by A. Cataldi, 1920). To identify the speciation of copper compounds in their carbonate matrices, different techniques [X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, SEM/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), micro-Raman and XPS] had to be employed. To further confirm the identification of the chemical species, SEM/EDS data were also processed by principal component analysis. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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“…In artificial seawater, the peak at 713.3 eV and 713.6 eV are assigned to Fe2(SO4)3 and FeSO4 respectively, indicating that sulfates were formed on the wear scars [23,44,46]. Besides, in oil, the S 2p peaks at 161.9 eV shows the presence of S 2− (Figure 20(e)), which is attributed to sulfides, such as CuS, ZnS, TiS2 and MoS2 [47]. Furthermore, phosphates, such as AlPO4, can be formed (Figure 20(f), P 2p, 133.3eV).…”

Section: Tribochemical Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Torsional Fretting Wear Behavior of PVD TiCN Coated CuNiAl Blade Bearing in Oil and Artificial Seawater

Zhang

Wang

2019

Coatings

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The feasibility of alleviating torsional fretting wear of the blade bearing by preparing PVD TiCN coating was studied. The results show that the friction torque was highly influenced by the wear debris acting as the solid lubricant. The TiCN coating reduced the wear volume by 97.6% and 62.3% in oil and artificial seawater, respectively, which was mainly due to an increase in surface hardness. In oil, the produced sulfates and phosphates prevent seizures between the friction pair and the worn surface was characterized by polishing wear. In artificial seawater, the wear mechanism was a combination of mechanical wear and corrosion wear. This study reveals that the TiCN coating is suitable for alleviation of fretting wear in the blade bearing.

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Characterisation by XPS of the corrosion patina formed on bronze surfaces

Cited by 54 publications

References 6 publications

Electrochemical evaluation of patinas formed on nineteenth century bronze bells

Electrochemical evaluation of patinas formed on nineteenth century bronze bells

Analytical characterization of corrosion products of copper and its alloys on stained stone surfaces

Torsional Fretting Wear Behavior of PVD TiCN Coated CuNiAl Blade Bearing in Oil and Artificial Seawater

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