Characterisation, Chain Conformation and Antifatigue Effect of Steamed Ginseng Polysaccharides With Different Molecular Weight

Abstract

Two polysaccharides were obtained from steamed ginseng via ultrafiltration, and their physical–chemical properties, solution properties and antifatigue activities were studied. WSGP-S3 and WSGP-G3 were acid heteropolysaccharides with the molecular weights of 2.03 × 104 and 4.86 × 104, respectively. They were composed of different molar ratios of the monosaccharides Rha, GlcA, GalA, Glc, Gal, and Ara. The results of size-exclusion chromatography–multiangle laser light scattering analysis, Conge red staining and Circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that WSGP-S3 exhibited a random conformation of branched clusters in solution. By contrast, WSGP-G3 exhibited an ordered conformation, including helix-like conformations in aqueous solution. Antifatigue activity tests proved that WSGP-S3 markedly prolonged the exhaustive swimming time of fatigued mice; increased liver and muscle glycogen levels and superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activities and decreased blood lactic acid, nitrogen and malondialdehyde levels compared with the control treatment. Moreover, it enhanced spleen cell proliferation in fatigued mice. By contrast, WSGP-G3 had no significant effect on fatigued mice. The results showed that WSGP-S3 might have a major contribution to the antifatigue effects of steamed ginseng polysaccharides and could be a potential anti-fatigue polysaccharide.

Trilobatin, a Naturally Occurring Food Additive, Ameliorates Exhaustive Exercise-Induced Fatigue in Mice: Involvement of Nrf2/ARE/Ferroptosis Signaling Pathway

“…As safer and more effective drugs were definitely desired in the clinic, we focus on the TLB, a naturally occurring sweetener and approved as a food additive with outstanding safety property. First, we observed the effect of TLB on EEIF in mice by performing a weight-bearing swimming test and rope-climbing endurance test, which are the measurement indicators that directly reflect the exercise ability and the anti-fatigue capacity of drugs (Jiao et al, 2021). As we expected, the results in the present study indicated that TLB at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg significantly prolonged exhaustive swimming time and the ropeclimbing dwell time of mice, in keeping with our previous finding that TLB act as a food additive against diabetes at the doses of 10 mg/kg (Shi et al, 2022).…”

Research Progress on Extraction, Isolation, Structural Analysis and Biological Activity of Polysaccharides from Panax Genus

“…In addition to the above biological activities, other biological functions of Panax ginseng polysaccharides have also been reported. Steamed ginseng polysaccharide can prolong the exhausted swimming time of fatigued mice, increase liver and muscle glycogen levels, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activities, and reduce serum lactic acid, nitrogen and MDA levels [66]. Ginseng polysaccharides reduce renal cell apoptosis by inhibiting the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 signaling pathways activated by endoplasmic reticulum stress caused by cisplatin, thereby improving nephrotoxicity [67].…”

The use of traditional Chinese medicines in relieving exercise-induced fatigue

“…Araliaceae), one of "the Four Pillars" of TCMs, has long been used as a medicinal and edible food for nutrient supplements and treating various diseases given its extradentary effects in reinforcing vital energy (Qi) (Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, 2020). Recent studies showed that the ginsenosides and ginseng polysaccharides could prolong the exercise time of different animal models: these bioactive ingredients could decrease BUN, BLA, LDA, CK, and MDA levels, increase the liver and muscle glycogen contents, enhance SOD, catalase (CAT), and GSH-Px activities, which effectively assist the body in removing oxygen free radicals produced by strenuous exercise, protecting the mitochondrial membrane from the lipid peroxidation and maintaining its integrity (Feng et al, 2010b;Jiao et al, 2021;Kong et al, 2021). The total ginsenosides could protect the excessive exercise-induced kidney injury by down-regulating the protein expression caspases-3 and increase the level of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α) expression (Wang et al, 2014).…”