Characterisation of a soft elastomer poly(glycerol sebacate) designed to match the mechanical properties of myocardial tissue

Chen, Qi-Zhi; Bismarck, Alexander; Hansen, Ulrich; Junaid, Sarah; Tran, Michael Q.; Harding, Siân E.; Ali, Nadire N.; Boccaccını, Aldo R.

doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.09.010

Cited by 480 publications

(512 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…PCL was used due to its biocompatibility, capability of supporting many cell types [22], widespread usage, low cost, slow degradation rate and good mechanical properties [21,32]. Non-woven unimodal scaffolds made of PCL were electrospun using standard apparatus [11], depicted schematically in Fig.…”

Section: Standard and Mixing Electrospinning Apparatusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale three-dimensional scaffolds for soft tissue engineering via multimodal electrospinning

et al. 2010

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a b s t r a c tA novel (scalable) electrospinning process was developed to fabricate bio-inspired multiscale threedimensional scaffolds endowed with a controlled multimodal distribution of fiber diameters and geared towards soft tissue engineering. The resulting materials finely mingle nano-and microscale fibers together, rather than simply juxtaposing them, as is commonly found in the literature. A detailed proof of concept study was conducted on a simpler bimodal poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffold with modes of fiber distribution at 600 nm and 3.3 lm. Three conventional unimodal scaffolds with mean diameters of 300 nm and 2.6 and 5.2 lm, respectively, were used as controls to evaluate the new materials. Characterization of the microstructure (i.e. porosity, fiber distribution and pore structure) and mechanical properties (i.e. stiffness, strength and failure mode) indicated that the multimodal scaffold had superior mechanical properties (Young's modulus $40 MPa and strength $1 MPa) in comparison with the controls, despite the large porosity ($90% on average). A biological assessment was conducted with bone marrow stromal cell type (mesenchymal stem cells, mTERT-MSCs). While the new material compared favorably with the controls with respect to cell viability (on the outer surface), it outperformed them in terms of cell colonization within the scaffold. The latter result, which could neither be practically achieved in the controls nor expected based on current models of pore size distribution, demonstrated the greater openness of the pore structure of the bimodal material, which remarkably did not come at the expense of its mechanical properties. Furthermore, nanofibers were seen to form a nanoweb bridging across neighboring microfibers, which boosted cell motility and survival. Lastly, standard adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation tests served to demonstrate that the new scaffold did not hinder the multilineage potential of stem cells.

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Section: Standard and Mixing Electrospinning Apparatusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale three-dimensional scaffolds for soft tissue engineering via multimodal electrospinning

et al. 2010

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“…48,56,57 of the cells shown to reduce the elasticity (E 1 in both tests), viscosity (in tensile-relaxation), and elastic limit of the ECM, while increasing its integrity limit. These changes can be attributed to the decrease in the mechanical predominant collagen content (per weight) of the native tissue 7,8,10 compared to the ECM, and the additional strength provided by the cells 41,58,59 -increasing the integrity limit. Surprisingly and unlike most parameters, which were partially restored after reseeding the ECM, the elastic limit increased instead of decreasing toward its native value.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Mathematical Model for Analyzing the Elasticity, Viscosity, and Failure of Soft Tissue: Comparison of Native and Decellularized Porcine Cardiac Extracellular Matrix for Tissue Engineering

Bronshtein

Au-Yeung

Sarig

et al. 2013

Tissue Engineering Part C: Methods

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The clinical success of tissue-engineered constructs commonly requires mechanical properties that closely mimic those of the human tissue. Determining the viscoelastic properties of such biomaterials and the factors governing their failure profiles, however, has proven challenging, although collecting extensive data regarding their tensile behavior is straightforward. The easily calculated Young's modulus remains the most reported mechanical measure, regardless of its limitations, even though single-relaxation-time (SRT) models can provide much more information, which remain scarce due to a lack of manageable tools for implementing these models. We developed an easy-to-use algorithm for applying the Zener SRT model and determining the elastic moduli, viscosity, and failure profiles of materials under different mechanical tests in a user-independent manner. The algorithm was validated on the data resulting from tensile tests on native and decellularized porcine cardiac tissue, previously suggested as a promising scaffold material for cardiac tissue engineering. This analysis yields new and more accurate measurements such as the elastic moduli and viscosity, the model's relaxation time, and information on the factors governing the materials' failure profiles. These measurements indicate that the viscoelasticity and strength of the decellularized acellular extracellular matrix (ECM) are similar to those of native tissue, although its elasticity and apparent viscosity are higher. Nonetheless, reseeding and culturing the ECM with mesenchymal stem cells was shown to partially restore the mechanical properties lost after decellularization. We propose this algorithm as a platform for soft-tissue analysis that can provide comparable and unbiased measures for characterizing viscoelastic biomaterials commonly used in tissue engineering.

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“…A requirement for any cardiac scaffold that it should offer no resistance to the muscle's contraction during the systole, while providing mechanical support to the tissue against the tensile stresses of the diastolic phase 24. The created scaffolds fulfill both of these criteria: The elastic modulus of 15–132 kPa displayed by the scaffolds under tension fits well into the range measured for cardiac muscle 20–500 kPa,24 and resides within the interval (7.9–1200 kPa) that has been reported in previous cardiac biomaterial studies 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect three‐dimensional printing: A method for fabricating polyurethane‐urea based cardiac scaffolds

Hernández‐Córdova

Mathew

Balint

et al. 2016

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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Biomaterial scaffolds are a key part of cardiac tissue engineering therapies. The group has recently synthesized a novel polycaprolactone based polyurethane‐urea copolymer that showed improved mechanical properties compared with its previously published counterparts. The aim of this study was to explore whether indirect three‐dimensional (3D) printing could provide a means to fabricate this novel, biodegradable polymer into a scaffold suitable for cardiac tissue engineering. Indirect 3D printing was carried out through printing water dissolvable poly(vinyl alcohol) porogens in three different sizes based on a wood‐stack model, into which a polyurethane‐urea solution was pressure injected. The porogens were removed, leading to soft polyurethane‐urea scaffolds with regular tubular pores. The scaffolds were characterized for their compressive and tensile mechanical behavior; and their degradation was monitored for 12 months under simulated physiological conditions. Their compatibility with cardiac myocytes and performance in novel cardiac engineering‐related techniques, such as aggregate seeding and bi‐directional perfusion, was also assessed. The scaffolds were found to have mechanical properties similar to cardiac tissue, and good biocompatibility with cardiac myocytes. Furthermore, the incorporated cells preserved their phenotype with no signs of de‐differentiation. The constructs worked well in perfusion experiments, showing enhanced seeding efficiency. © 2016 The Authors Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1912–1921, 2016.

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Characterisation of a soft elastomer poly(glycerol sebacate) designed to match the mechanical properties of myocardial tissue

Cited by 480 publications

References 52 publications

Multiscale three-dimensional scaffolds for soft tissue engineering via multimodal electrospinning

Multiscale three-dimensional scaffolds for soft tissue engineering via multimodal electrospinning

A Mathematical Model for Analyzing the Elasticity, Viscosity, and Failure of Soft Tissue: Comparison of Native and Decellularized Porcine Cardiac Extracellular Matrix for Tissue Engineering

Indirect three‐dimensional printing: A method for fabricating polyurethane‐urea based cardiac scaffolds

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