Characterisation of a vascular self-healing cementitious material system: Flow and curing properties

Selvarajoo, Tharmesh; Davies, Robert; Gardner, Diane Ruth; Freeman, Brubeck Lee; Jefferson, Tony

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118332

Cited by 30 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The transport of the healing agent through the crack was calculated using the modified Lucas-Washburn equation of Gardner et al [72][73][74] (see also Selvarajoo et al [75]), that reads:…”

Section: Healing Agent Transport and Curing Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cyanoacrylate cures through a polymerisation reaction in the presence moisture [75,77]. The moisture required for the reaction is transported into the glue from the substrate or the surrounding air.…”

Section: Healing Agent Transport and Curing Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The moisture required for the reaction is transported into the glue from the substrate or the surrounding air. This leads to a reaction front which propagates into the glue, which, experimental evidence shows is diffuse in nature [75,78]. This can be described by [19]:…”

Section: Healing Agent Transport and Curing Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, for the present examples, the authors believe that two-dimensional idealisations are adequate. This is justified by the fact that in the direct tension example, experimental observations showed that the healing agent had spread uniformly across the width of the crack [81,82]. Whilst in the L-shaped specimen example, the embedded channels are hypothetical and it is assumed that there are sufficient channels for the healing agent flow front to be effectively uniform across the specimen.…”

Section: Example Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This example considers a set of direct tension tests on doubly notched concrete specimens (illustrated in Fig. 7), which contained embedded healing channels that were filled with cyanoacrylate (CA), presented in Selvarajoo [81] and Selvarajoo et al [82]. The tests involved loading the specimen until a macro crack had formed and then opened to a given crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD).…”

Section: Direct Tension Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

A specialised finite element for simulating self-healing quasi-brittle materials

Freeman

Bonilla-Villalba

Mihai

et al. 2020

Adv. Model. and Simul. in Eng. Sci.

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The formation of cracks in quasi-brittle materials such as concrete produces a degradation in mechanical performance in terms of both stiffness and strength. In addition to this, the presence of cracks leads to significant durability problems, such as reinforcement corrosion and calcium leaching [1]. Self-healing systems are designed to mitigate these issues by introducing crack 'healing' mechanisms into the material that result in a recovery of both mechanical performance and durability properties. There is now a significant body of work on the numerical simulation of self-healing systems [2-19], as highlighted in a recent review article [20]. The numerical treatment of damage-healing behaviour in mechanical self-healing models has varied, with many utilising a continuum damage-healing mechanics framework (e.g. [5, 7]). Alternative approaches have included a model based on micromechanical theories [11], the discrete element method (DEM) [13], the extended finite element method (XFEM) [12] and embedded discontinuity elements (EFEM) [17]. In addition to this, the treatment of the healing itself has varied, ranging from treating the healing as a thermodynamic

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“…The transport of the healing agent through the crack was calculated using the modified Lucas-Washburn equation of Gardner et al [72][73][74] (see also Selvarajoo et al [75]), that reads:…”

Section: Healing Agent Transport and Curing Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Healing Agent Transport and Curing Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Healing Agent Transport and Curing Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Example Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Direct Tension Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A specialised finite element for simulating self-healing quasi-brittle materials

Freeman

Bonilla-Villalba

Mihai

et al. 2020

Adv. Model. and Simul. in Eng. Sci.

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An Overview of Self‐Healable Polymers and Recent Advances in the Field

Choufi

Mustapha

Tehrani‐Bagha

et al. 2022

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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The search for materials with better performance, longer service life, lower environmental impact, and lower overall cost is at the forefront of polymer science and material engineering. This has led to the development of self‐healing polymers with a range of healing mechanisms including capsular‐based, vascular, and intrinsic self‐healing polymers. The development of self‐healable systems has been inspired by the healing of biological systems such as skin wound healing and broken bone reconstruction. The goal of using self‐healing polymers in various applications is to extend the service life of polymers without the need for replacement or human intervention especially in restricted access areas such as underwater/underground piping where inspection, intervention, and maintenance are very difficult. Through an industrial and scholarly lens, this paper provides: a) an overview of self‐healing polymers; b) classification of different self‐healing polymers and polymer‐based composites; c) mechanical, thermal, and electrical analysis characterization; d) applications in coating, composites, and electronics; e) modeling and simulation; and f) recent development in the past 20 years. This review highlights the importance of healable polymers for an economically and environmentally sustainable future, the most recent advances in the field, and current limitations in fabrication, manufacturing, and performance.

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The simulation of transport processes in cementitious materials with embedded healing systems

Freeman

Jefferson

2019

Num Anal Meth Geomechanics

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A new model for simulating the transport of healing agents in self-healing (SH) cementitious materials is presented. The model is applicable to autonomic SH material systems in which embedded channels, or vascular networks, are used to supply healing agents to damaged zones. The essential numerical components of the model are a crack flow model, based on the Navier-Stokes equations, which is coupled to the mass balance equation for simulating unsaturated matrix flow. The driving forces for the crack flow are the capillary meniscus force and the force derived from an external (or internal) pressure applied to the liquid healing agent. The crack flow model component applies to non-uniform cracks and allows for the dynamic variation of the meniscus contact angle, as well as accounting for inertial terms. Particular attention is paid to the effects of curing on the flow characteristics. In this regard, a kinetic reaction model is presented for simulating the curing of the healing agent and a set of relationships established for representing the variation of rheological properties with the degree of cure. Data obtained in a linked experimental programme of work is employed to justif the hoi e a d fo of the o stituti e elatio ships, as ell as to ali ate the odel s evolution functions. Finally, a series of validation examples are presented that include the analysis of a series of concrete beam specimens with an embedded vascular network. These examples demonstrate the ability of the model to capture the transport behaviour of this type of SH cementitious material system.

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Characterisation of a vascular self-healing cementitious material system: Flow and curing properties

Cited by 30 publications

References 60 publications

A specialised finite element for simulating self-healing quasi-brittle materials

A specialised finite element for simulating self-healing quasi-brittle materials

An Overview of Self‐Healable Polymers and Recent Advances in the Field

The simulation of transport processes in cementitious materials with embedded healing systems

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