Characterisation of ambient benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and m-, p- and o-xylene in an urban traffic area in Bangkok, Thailand

Laowagul, Wanna; Yoshizumi, Kunio; Mutchimwong, Auemphorn; Thavipoke, Patana; Hooper, Martin A; Garivait, Hathairatana; Limpaseni, Wongpun

doi:10.1504/ijep.2009.021829

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…3) BTEX species BTEX species; Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and m/p-xylene are aromatic group, can be considered as an efficient indicator of pollution from road traffic. Toluene was found in high concentrations, followed by m/p-xylene, benzene, and ethylbenzene which being lower than the BTEX species concentrations near a road side at the Pathumwan junction in Bangkok [33]. Toluene was the dominant species followed by m/p-xylene, benzene, and ethylbenzene as similar to the cases of Iran [34], Ramsis and Haram, Greater in Cairo [35], and in Texas [36].…”

Section: ) Volatile Organic Compounds (Vocs)mentioning

confidence: 64%

Ozone Formation Potential of Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds at Roadside in Bangkok, Thailand

et al. 2021

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play an important role in atmospheric chemistry due to their high reactivity—reacting photochemically with oxides of nitrogen (NOx) in the presence of solar radiation forming tropospheric ozone (O3). Each VOC species have different effects on ozone formation according to the rates and pathways of their reactions. The objective of this study aims to examine ozone formation from the estimation of ozone formation potential (OFP). The observation of 29 VOCs species was carried out in the urban area near the roads of Bangkok, Thailand. Measurements were carried out during the dry season, from 16th February to 15th March, 2018. The air samples were analyzed using gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The results showed that toluene had the highest VOCs concentration followed by propane, and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The average ratio of benzene to toluene (B/T) and toluene to benzene (T/B) indicate that both toluene and benzene emitted from industrial area and vehicular emission. Ratio of m/p-xylene to benzene (m/p-X/B) indicate that BTEX emitted far from the source. The ozone formation potential indicated that toluene was the main VOC contributing to the total ozone formation. High VOCs concentration in monitoring site was influenced by vehicular sources and the sea breeze brought the pollutants back to the land.

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Section: ) Volatile Organic Compounds (Vocs)mentioning

confidence: 64%

Ozone Formation Potential of Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds at Roadside in Bangkok, Thailand

et al. 2021

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“…To make suitable strategies for preventing adverse health effects, it is necessary to evaluate the exposure to organic Environmental and Occupational Health Practice J-STAGE Advance Publication Early View 2 Environmental and Occupational Health Practice solvents, preferably using data from personal sampling. Information on such data, however, is currently lacking in Thailand 6,7) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to toluene and methyl ethyl ketone among workers in a rubber shoe manufacturing factory in Bangkok, Thailand: evaluation using personal sampling

Lormphongs

Morioka

2019

EOH-P

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This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. AbstractObjectives: This cross-sectional study aims to verify the concentrations of toluene and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) in personal sampling of air and worker's urine samples to create a safety/health strategy for a rubber shoe manufacturing factory in Bangkok, Thailand. Methods: Target workers were 180 workers in the rubber shoe manufacturing factory. The data were obtained through an interview using a questionnaire sheet, collection of air and urine samples to measure the toluene and MEK levels, and a walking observation survey. Air samples were individually collected by an organic vapor monitor (n = 20). Urine samples were also individually measured (n = 165). Results: Among 180 participants, 65.6% always used personal respiratory protective equipment (PPE), but all of them used a carbon cloth mask. Median toluene level was 681 ppb and MEK level was 7.23 ppm in air samples. Median toluene level was 3.14 µg/L and MEK level was 82.7 µg/L in urine samples. In 27 cases, toluene level in urine samples exceeded the exposure limit recommended by the ACGIH (30 µg/L). More than 10% of participants answered that they often had forgetfulness and dyspnea. Dyspnea was significantly positively related to MEK level in urine samples. There were seven cases with lower toluene and MEK levels in air samples but higher levels in urine samples. They sat in the leeward position and used no PPE and no rubber gloves while working. Conclusions: These results suggest that education, correct and suitable PPE, and strict work control should be implemented while working in rubber shoe manufacturing.

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Ambient levels of BTEX at roadside in northern Iraq and its relationship with traffic volume

Shihab

I.AL-Jarrah

2023

Environ Monit Assess

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Characterisation of ambient benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and m-, p- and o-xylene in an urban traffic area in Bangkok, Thailand

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

Ozone Formation Potential of Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds at Roadside in Bangkok, Thailand

Ozone Formation Potential of Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds at Roadside in Bangkok, Thailand

Exposure to toluene and methyl ethyl ketone among workers in a rubber shoe manufacturing factory in Bangkok, Thailand: evaluation using personal sampling

Ambient levels of BTEX at roadside in northern Iraq and its relationship with traffic volume

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