Antimicrobial
peptides (AMPs) have the potential to treat multidrug-resistant
bacterial infections. However, the clinical application of AMPs is
prevented by their toxicity and poor proteolytic stability. Here,
a site-specific approach is used to generate new AMPs to improve their
efficacy against bacterial pathogens while reducing their toxicity.
We modified and generated a new series of antimicrobial peptides from
the leucine- and lysine-rich antimicrobial peptide Amp1L (LKLLKKLLKKLLKLL)
by the site-specific incorporation of an isopeptide bond while retaining
the peptide’s size, sequence, charge, and molecular weight.
This single bond switch provides the peptides with a weak helical
conformation, strong antimicrobial activity, resistance to proteolytic
degradation, low toxicity, and lower hemolytic activity. This new
site-specific approach offers a powerful tool for developing potent
and nontoxic antimicrobial drugs.