Characterisation of Cellulose Nanofibres Derived from Chemical and Mechanical Treatments

Muhamad, Martini; Hornsby, Peter; Carmichael, Eugene; Zakaria, Muhammad Razlan; Yew, Been Seok; Mohamed, Saiful Bahri; Sharma, Sweta

doi:10.1051/matecconf/201925301002

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Based on the results, CNF-PP 5.6M possesses larger particle sizes, indicating that particles aggregated in suspension more rapidly than CNF-PP 1.0M and CNF-PP 3.8M particles. This is the case for particles that possess high hydrophobic characteristics, i.e., samples containing less hydroxyl groups tend to aggregate easily [ 45 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural, Morphological and Thermal Properties of Cellulose Nanofibers from Napier fiber (Pennisetum purpureum)

et al. 2020

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The purpose of the study is to investigate the utilisation of Napier fiber (Pennisetum purpureum) as a source for the fabrication of cellulose nanofibers (CNF). In this study, cellulose nanofibers (CNF) from Napier fiber were isolated via ball-milling assisted by acid hydrolysis. Acid hydrolysis with different molarities (1.0, 3.8 and 5.6 M) was performed efficiently facilitate cellulose fiber size reduction. The resulting CNFs were characterised through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), particle size analyser (PSA), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The FTIR results demonstrated that there were no obvious changes observed between the spectra of the CNFs with different molarities of acid hydrolysis. With 5.6 M acid hydrolysis, the XRD analysis displayed the highest degree of CNF crystallinity at 70.67%. In a thermal analysis by TGA and DTG, cellulose nanofiber with 5.6 M acid hydrolysis tended to produce cellulose nanofibers with higher thermal stability. As evidenced by the structural morphologies, a fibrous network nanostructure was obtained under TEM and AFM analysis, while a compact structure was observed under FESEM analysis. In conclusion, the isolated CNFs from Napier-derived cellulose are expected to yield potential to be used as a suitable source for nanocomposite production in various applications, including pharmaceutical, food packaging and biomedical fields.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural, Morphological and Thermal Properties of Cellulose Nanofibers from Napier fiber (Pennisetum purpureum)

et al. 2020

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“…The zeta potential analyses of bamboo CNF and commercial CNF are presented in Figure 1 e,f, respectively. The potential of each type of CNF had values ranging between 0 and 50 V. Previous reports on zeta potential analysis show that a potential above 20 V is considered stable in the colloidal fluid [ 28 , 29 ]. Since both CNF were higher than 20 V, the high voltage indicated stable particle materials.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results confirmed that the isolated CNF could not be modified back to its raw material or have its properties changed, even at high voltage. This means that the isolation process produced a stable cellulose nanofibre [ 29 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Isolation of Cellulose Nanofibre and Enhancement Properties in Biopolymer Composites

et al. 2021

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The physical properties, such as the fibre dimension and crystallinity, of cellulose nanofibre (CNF) are significant to its functional reinforcement ability in composites. This study used supercritical carbon dioxide as a fibre bundle defibrillation pretreatment for the isolation of CNF from bamboo, in order to enhance its physical properties. The isolated CNF was characterised through zeta potential, TEM, XRD, and FT-IR analysis. Commercial CNF was used as a reference to evaluate the effectiveness of the method. The physical, mechanical, thermal, and wettability properties of the bamboo and commercial CNF-reinforced PLA/chitin were also analysed. The TEM and FT-IR results showed the successful isolation of CNF from bamboo using this method, with good colloidal stability shown by the zeta potential results. The properties of the isolated bamboo CNF were similar to the commercial type. However, the fibre diameter distribution and the crystallinity index significantly differed between the bamboo and the commercial CNF. The bamboo CNF had a smaller fibre size and a higher crystallinity index than the commercial CNF. The results from the CNF-reinforced biocomposite showed that the physical, mechanical, thermal, and wettability properties were significantly different due to the variations in their fibre sizes and crystallinity indices. The properties of bamboo CNF biocomposites were significantly better than those of commercial CNF biocomposites. This indicates that the physical properties (fibre size and crystallinity) of an isolated CNF significantly affect its reinforcement ability in biocomposites. The physical properties of isolated CNFs are partly dependent on their source and production method, among other factors. These composites can be used for various industrial applications, including packaging.

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“…Microfluidization, a similar process to HPH, could be used to produce nanocellulose from agricultural co-products, as Cladophora glomerata , an abundant green algae little exploited [ 57 ], oil palm mesocarp fibers, an industrial residue from palm oil production [ 58 ], hemp wastes [ 59 ], olive tree pruning residues [ 60 ], trunk of banana trees [ 61 ], as well as bagasse, a residual fibrous material from extraction of Agave tequilana juice [ 62 ]. However, microfluidization allowed generally to obtain long cellulose fibrils of several micrometers [ 59 ], so this process was often coupled with chemical pretreatments, as acid hydrolysis [ 58 ], TEMPO-oxidation [ 60 ], or organosolv process [ 62 ].…”

Section: Eco-friendly Pickering Emulsionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, microfluidization allowed generally to obtain long cellulose fibrils of several micrometers [ 59 ], so this process was often coupled with chemical pretreatments, as acid hydrolysis [ 58 ], TEMPO-oxidation [ 60 ], or organosolv process [ 62 ]. However, recently, greener technology was used, as high-shear homogenization [ 61 ].…”

Section: Eco-friendly Pickering Emulsionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interest of Pickering Emulsions for Sustainable Micro/Nanocellulose in Food and Cosmetic Applications

Perrin

Gillet²,

Gressin³

et al. 2020

Polymers

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In the present review, natural and non-toxic particles made of micro/nanocellulose were specifically targeted as stabilizers of emulsions located at dispersed and continuous phases interfaces (called Pickering Emulsions, PEs). PEs are biphasic systems stabilized by solid particles with a recent interest in food and cosmetic domains. PEs have been more and more studied in the last ten years due to their advantages compared to conventional emulsions with surfactants. PEs have already been stabilized with various types of particles and particularly cellulose. Even if some studies showed that PEs were more stable when cellulose was chemically modified, numerous other recent studies showed that unmodified micro/nanocellulose is also promising biomaterial to stabilize PEs. Micro/nanocelluloses can be extracted by various green processes from numerous agricultural wastes and co-products, as banana peels, corncob, ginkgo seed shells, lime residues, mangosteen rind, oil palm empty fruit bunches, pistachio shells, as well as wheat straw. Main green processes used to treat cellulose are grinding, high pressure homogenization, microfluidization, enzymatic hydrolysis, subcritical water, extrusion, electron beam irradiation, cryocrushing, microwaves or sonication. PEs formulated with cellulose clearly participate to a global sustainable development but, additional studies will be necessary to better understand PEs stability and improve properties.

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Characterisation of Cellulose Nanofibres Derived from Chemical and Mechanical Treatments

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Structural, Morphological and Thermal Properties of Cellulose Nanofibers from Napier fiber (Pennisetum purpureum)

Structural, Morphological and Thermal Properties of Cellulose Nanofibers from Napier fiber (Pennisetum purpureum)

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Isolation of Cellulose Nanofibre and Enhancement Properties in Biopolymer Composites

Interest of Pickering Emulsions for Sustainable Micro/Nanocellulose in Food and Cosmetic Applications

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