Characterisation of CO/NO/SO2 emission and ash-forming elements from the combustion and pyrolysis process

Houshfar, Ehsan; Wang, Liang; Vähä-Savo, Niklas; Brink, Anders; Løvås, Terese

doi:10.1007/s10098-014-0762-3

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…So far, a considerable amount of literature has been published on wood ash deposition (Baxter, 1993;Ragland et al, 1995;Wei et al, 2005;Nutalapati et al, 2007), however, there is little published data on the ash deposition behaviour of the wood pellets under air combustion and oxy-fuel combustion (Ohman et al, 2004;Wiinika et al, 2007;Houshfar et al, 2014). One of the studies on wood pellets combustion was presented by Ohman et al (2004) who tested six types of softwood sawdust and bark pellets in three 10-15 kW burners.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of oxy-fuel combustion on ash deposition of pulverized wood pellets

et al. 2019

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HIGHLIGHTS Deposition tendencies of wood pellets are predicted by the ash stream compositions. Wood pellets have a low tendency for slagging and high tendency for fouling. Oxy-fuel combustion reduces slagging yet increases fouling tendencies of alkali sulphates. Oxy-fuel combustion can reduce the propensity of high-temperature corrosion problems. Ash behaviour of wood pellets is significantly changed when replacing air-fuel with oxy-fuel conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of oxy-fuel combustion on ash deposition of pulverized wood pellets

et al. 2019

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“…A large FR sample was ground below 40 mesh to ensure that a representative sample was being used. The ash content of different parts of Norwegian spruce varied between 0.18 and 2.11%, on a dry basis (db) (ASTM D1102), and the various parts of the tree have different mineral phases, causing diverging behavior during melting/sintering . The theoretical fixed carbon yields in Table were calculated using a thermochemical equilibrium solver to determine the preferred products of biomass pyrolysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charcoal “Mines” in the Norwegian Woods

et al. 2016

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ABSTRACT:This paper reviews lab-scale flash carbonization experiments under elevated pressure using Norwegian wood as a feedstock. Norway's silicon and ferrosilicon industry has been urged to reduce fossil CO 2 emissions by increasing the use of charcoal as a substitute for coal and coke in the reduction process. As charcoal is not produced in Norway, large amounts of it are imported from South-Asia. Norway now intends to produce charcoal locally using optimum carbonization techniques from local biomass and forestry waste. That is where the pressurized flash carbonization experiments come in. Birch, spruce and forest residue or GROT samples (GRener Og Topper, i.e. branches and tops) were carbonized, enabling the analysis of the impact of pressure and FC canister insulation on their respective fixed carbon yields. Forest residue (FR) proved to be proper to make charcoal, as fixed carbon contents of 80% could be achieved at moderate pressures. The fixed carbon yields of spruce and birch wood reached over 90% of their theoretical values. The high charcoal yields can result in remarkable cost savings for the metallurgical industry, while at the same time making excessive deforestation unnecessary. The use of coal will soon be abandoned and charcoal 'mines' could become an obvious choice. 1.IntroductionBecause of the increasing demand for (Si-based) solar panels, for computer chips (following Moore's law) and for silicon for the massive metal production of countries like China 1 , the demand for silicon alloys and other ferroalloys has never been higher. The metal and alloy industry heavily depends on coal as a raw product. In electric arc furnaces, coal acts as a reductant and a carbon source, while in the older blast furnaces coal also acts as an energy source.These industries will not face raw silicon shortages, because over 25% of the earth's crust consists of this element, usually found in the form of silica SiO 2 . However, justifying the use of coal as a raw product in the manufacturing process of computer chips, photovoltaic panels and other metal commodities will pose a problem, especially with changing climate change policies.There are not many substitutes for coal, but charcoal is one. Charcoal has low ash and sulfur content compared to coal, while still maintaining high SiO reactivity, which makes charcoal

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“…Fossil fuels are used to produce energy worldwide, but they come with major problems such as global warming (Zhang and Liu 2021 ). To reduce the use of fossil fuels, biomass-based fuels offer a great potential alternative since biomass is one of the most promising renewable and sustainable energy resources (Houshfar et al 2014 ; Singh and Dhepe 2018 ; Wang et al 2021 ) While biomass waste has increased markedly due to the intensification of agricultural and industrial activities to serve a growing population, its disposal, utilization, and management practices are not efficiently employed (Tripathi et al 2019 ). Biomass waste is usually discarded to degrade or to be burned in open areas, resulting in haze that harms the local environment (Madhu et al 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of tobacco processing waste to biocrude oil via hydrothermal liquefaction in a multiple batch reactor

Saengsuriwong

Onsree

Phromphithak

et al. 2021

Clean Techn Environ Policy

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Graphic abstract Fossil fuels are the primary energy source of almost all societies and economies, but it is finite and scarce. The use of non-renewable fossil fuels threatens earth’s environment. At the same time, waste from agricultural and industrial activities is increasing. Most of this waste is discarded or poorly managed, causing many other environmental issues. Converting waste to energy is a promising route to address these challenges. We investigated the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of high moisture content, tobacco-processing waste in a multiple batch thermal reactor to produce biocrude oil. The effects of operating conditions were studied and optimized for maximum liquid biocrude oil yield. HTL operating conditions considered were temperatures from 280 to 340 °C and residence times from 15 to 45 min for a fixed ratio of biomass to deionized water of 1:3. The reaction temperature was found to affect the yields and distribution of products significantly. The maximum yield of the liquid biocrude oil obtained was more than 52% w/w at 310 °C and 15 min. Under these conditions, almost 90% of the energy was recovered in biocrude oil and solid products. The liquid fraction was mainly composed of phenols, ketones, and nitrogenous compounds. This study provides a potential framework for eco-technologies for biomass waste-to-energy conversion with respect to converting tobacco processing residues to liquid biofuels and biochemicals.

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Characterisation of CO/NO/SO2 emission and ash-forming elements from the combustion and pyrolysis process

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of oxy-fuel combustion on ash deposition of pulverized wood pellets

Effect of oxy-fuel combustion on ash deposition of pulverized wood pellets

Charcoal “Mines” in the Norwegian Woods

Conversion of tobacco processing waste to biocrude oil via hydrothermal liquefaction in a multiple batch reactor

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